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Global Financial Imbalances: The Future Impact of Asian and Middle East Surpluses. Karen Johnson April 24, 2006. Exchange Rates: Chinese RMB. Source: FRB weights. Exchange Rates: Korean Won. Source: FRB weights. Exchange Rates: Japanese Yen. Source: FRB weights.
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Global Financial Imbalances: The Future Impact of Asian and Middle East Surpluses Karen Johnson April 24, 2006
Exchange Rates: Chinese RMB Source: FRB weights
Exchange Rates: Korean Won Source: FRB weights
Exchange Rates: Japanese Yen Source: FRB weights
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) Source: IMF WEO
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) Source: IMF WEO *Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan
Global Oil Prices (WTI) Source: Commodity Research Bureau
Revenue Flows to Fuel Exporters Source: IMF WEO
Foreign Exchange Reserves Source: IMF *Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Aggregate of Fuel Exporters Source: IMF *No data available for Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq, or Syria **2005 data not yet available for Angola, Rep. of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sudan, Bahrain, UAE, or Yemen
Portfolio Inflows to the United States Source: Treasury International Capital System (www.treas.gov/tic/index.html) *Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong **Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
Inflation: Consumer Prices Source: IMF WEO
Gross Issuance of Chinese Sterilization Bonds Source: Bloomberg
Distortions • Implicit subsidy to exports • Distort allocation of domestic fixed investment • Continue to attract capital inflow
Downside of Reserve Accumulation • Complications posed for monetary policy • Distortions on bank behavior • Limits on financial sector development • Price signals altered by the exchange rate