Unit 11 Understanding Your Owner

1. P IListening and Speaking Activities Part IIReading Comprehension and Language Activities Part IIIExtended Activities Unit 11Understanding Your Owner

2. Part I Listening and Speaking Activities • Introduction of functions • Listen and speak • Try to speak more • Make your own dialogue • What are they for? • If you want to learn more

3. Introduction of functions • You may express your anger like this: • I just can’t bear to do something…. • I simply can’t stand something…. • I really can’t put up with something…. • It makes me sick…. • I really hate doing something…. • I’m disgusted…. • It makes my blood boil….

4. Listen and speak • Listen to the conversation and tick the correct answer to each question. • How does Nelson express his anger at his neighbours’ dog? Key: b • What reason does Peter give for keeping pets? Key: c • What does Peter intend to keep as a pet in the future n addition to his dog, goldfish and birds? Key: a • What is Nelson’s opinion of pet keeping? Key: a Turn to p. 150, and let’s listen.

5. Try to speak more • Notes: • walk:cause (sb/sth) to walk, esp. by accompanying him/it e.g. He walked the horse up the hill. • Keep somebody company:remain with somebody so that he is not alone. e.g. I’ll stay here and keep you company. • make the best of something: use something as profitably as possible e.g. She’s certainly made the best of her opportunities.

6. Make your own dialogue 1. You and your partner are arguing about the relationships between animals and human beings. Make a dialogue using the following cues. (Turn to page 152) 2. Study the following cartoon and find out what is funny about it? Tell it to your classmates. Limit your presentation to approximately one minute. (Turn to page 152)

7. What are they for? Key: 1. c 2. f 3. b 4. a 5. e 6. d If you want to learn more Key: 1. i 2. f 3. b 4. h 5. c 6. d 7. e 8. g 9. a

8. Part II Reading Comprehension and Language Activities • Pre-reading Tasks • Notes • Translation • Comprehension work • Language work(A, B, C)

9. Part II Reading Comprehension and Language Activities • Pre-reading Tasks • In what ways can dogs be helpful to human beings? • Why do people want to keep dogs as pets? • Do you suppose that a dog can understand its owner? Are there any other animals that can understand their owners and become god friends of human beings? • If you have a dog, what kind of dog do you like to have? Choose appropriate expressions from below. (Turn to p.154)

10. Understanding Your Owner Although I know that many of You think the opposite, most human beings have a high level of intelligence, a good memory and can solve problems easily. They live longer and therefore tend to be much more aware of past and future than we are. They communicate by a set of sounds which carry meaning from the order in which they are placed. And these sounds vary from territory to territory, so that some humans have difficulty in communicating with others--- if they have been raised in a different country and have not had special training. Humans have also invented a set of marks on paper which they use to represent these sounds and which you may often see them concentrating on. In these two ways they have developed their eyes and ears to a higher level of interpretation than our dogs. But in doing so they have lost the ability to get much of the information which we continually do both from these and our other senses. Turn to p. 154, and listen to the text.

11. Understanding Your Owner Most dogs are able to interpret at least part of the vocabulary (voice meanings) of humans, and some of us have learnt to recognize some of the pattern of marks which they use to record them on paper so that humans at a different time and in a different place can understand their messages. But it would put our other abilities into danger if we ourselves developed these skills very far. Fortunately, most humans are able to understand a similar amount of our communicatory sounds and behaviour. Try going up to a human, sitting down in front of him and raising a front paw in a gesture. He will almost certainly take it and give it a shake, be cause it is a greeting gesture for humans, too. He will think you are behaving like a human – and nothing seems to please humans more.

12. Understanding Your Owner Careful, there is a danger here! You are not a human. You are a dog --- and if you are going to be happy you should never forget it. You need to live as a dog. It is all very wellchanging yourself slightly to fit in witha human pack, but if you deny your true nature, you are going to end upa mad dog and, humans will think, a bad dog. There is always a reason for any animal choosing to live with an animal of a different sort, but all too often we have no choice. We have to live with humans and we have to join a pack that is forced on us, so there is not much you can do about it. But humans have consciously decided that they want us with them although not necessarily for the reason that they believe. They may need a dog to help with some specific task like hunting or guiding. They may want you as a watchdog to keep burglars a way.

13. Understanding Your Owner They may have some idea that looking after you will teach their pups a sense of responsibility. They may just want you to make other humans look at them because your breed is expensive and fashionable. Or they may simply be in desperate need of companionship, of something to love.

14. vary:vi. if sth varies, it changes depending on the situationvary (with sth) | vary (from sth to sth) | vary (between A and B) e.g. 1. The results of the experiment varied wildly. 实验结果差异很大. 2. Prices vary with the seasons. 物价随季节而变动. 3. Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉.

15. represent :vt. to be a sign or mark that means sth; to be a symbol of sth –synonymstand for; symbolize e.g. Wind direction is represented by arrow. They said that they represented the committee interpret: a. vt. to believe that sth someone does or sth that happens has a particular meaning interpret sth (as sth) e.g. We interpreted/translated his silence as a refusal. 我们认为他的沉默就是拒绝。 b. vt. to explain the meaning of sth e.g. We interpreted/translated his silence as a refusal.

16. c.vt. & vi. to translate one language into another as you hear it interpret (for sb) all very well:it‘s/that’s all very well, but ... spoken used to say that sth seems to be a good idea, but is not really possible or helpful（用于批评或反驳）某人尽可做某事；好倒是好（但并不完全令人满意） e.g. It's all very well the doctors telling me I've got to rest, but who's going to look after my children? 医生说我得去休息到容易，可是谁来照顾我的孩子呢？ fit in with:to live, etc. in an easy and natural way with sb/sth （与…）合得来；适应； e.g. His good mood fit in with the joyful occasion. 他良好的心绪与那欢快的场合很和谐。

17. end up:to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it 最终成为；最后处于end up doing sth e.g. 1. At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married. 他们起初相互仇恨，到后来却成了夫妻。 2. You will end up in debt if you keep on spending money like that. 你要是老这样花钱,总有一天要负债。

18. desperate:a desperate situation is extremely bad , serious or dangerous 极严重的；既危险的；很危急的 e.g. a desperate illness/shortage/situation 绝症/奇缺/危局 desperate (for sth) | desperate (to do sth) :needing or wanting something very much 非常需要；极想；渴望 e.g. He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything.

19. 理解你的主人 我认为大多数人类的智商高，记忆力好，解决问题的能力强，尽管我知道你们的大多数看法恰恰相反。他们活得比我们长因此更了解过去和未来。他们把各种声音按不同的顺序排列，就产生了不同的含义，然后他们用此声音进行交流。这些声音各个地区不同，如果他们生长在不同的国家，又没有受过专门的训练的话，他们互相交流就会因此出现障碍。人类还发明了一系列符号把那一串串的声音表达在纸上。你经常可以看到他们在专心阅读那些纸上的符号。运用这两种方法，他们使自己的眼睛和耳朵发展到了一个超出我们狗能够理解的水平上。但这样一来，他们却又失去了我们常用眼、耳以及其它感官获得大量信息的能力。 大多数狗至少能理解人类的一部分词汇（声音意义），而且，我们有的已经学会辨认一些他们写在纸上供不同时期和不同地区的人理解的符号模式。但是如果这种技能过于发展，我们就会有丧失其它一些能力的危险。好在人类理解狗的叫声和行为方式的程度与我们也相差无几。

20. 理解你的主人 试着走近一个人，坐在他面前，伸出前爪摆个姿势。他几乎肯定会抓住前爪握一握，因为这也是人类打招呼的动作。他会认为你举止像人——没有什么比这更让他高兴的了。 注意，这就有危险了！你不是人。你是一只狗——如果你要快乐，就千万别忘了这一点。你得像狗一样生活。你稍稍改变一下自己去适应人类固然很好，但如果你否认自己的本性，你将变成一条疯狗，而且，人类会认为你是一条坏狗。动物总有理由选择与另一类动物生活在一起，但是通常我们根本就没有选择。我们被迫与人类一起生活，加入那个强加于我们的群体，所以你无能为力。人类很清楚他们需要我们与他们生活在一起，但其实他们并不见得明白个中的道理。也许他们需要一条狗帮他们狩猎或引路。也许他们需要你们像看门狗那样赶走盗贼。也许他们照顾你们是为了让他们的孩子有责任感。也许他们是想通过饲养你这条名贵而时尚的狗去吸引同类的眼球。又或许他们只是特别需要找个伴儿，或自己喜爱的东西。

21. Comprehension work (Questions for discussion ) 1. Who is the “owner” in the title? 2. What does the phrase “a set of sounds” mean? Why do some humans have difficulty communicating with others using a set of sounds? 3. What does the phrase “a set of marks on paper” mean? What is the use of the marks for human beings?

22. Comprehension work (Questions for discussion ) 4. Why shouldn’t a dog develop the same communicating means/skills as human beings? 5. According to the passage, what is the best policy for a dog to live peacefully with human beings? 6. What are the reasons that human beings hold for keeping a dog?

23. Language work(A, p.156) 1. developed, humans, tasks, desperate 2. amount, gestures, interpret, owners, recognize, training, represent 3. breed, intelligence, specific, gather, senses 4. companionship, deny

24. Language work(B, p.157) • Answers 1. g 2. e 3. a 4. h 5. f 6. d 7. b 8. c

25. Language work(C, p.158) 1. a. Being aware of the risk, we gave up the project. b. Being aware of his mistake, he apologized to us and asked for our forgiveness. c. Teachers must be fully aware of the difficulties students face when studying.

26. Language work(C, p.158) 2. a. The message conveyed by the same gestures may vary from culture to culture. b. The income varies from person to person in the company. It depends on each one’s performance rather than his age. c. The meaning of smiles often varies from culture to culture.

27. Language work(C, p.158) 3. a. I was often told by my father that if I didn’t work hard, I would end up a failure in my life. b. We are not surprised that he has finally ended up a burglar. c. Because of the poor management, the project finally ended up a wreck.

28. Language work(C, p.158) 4. a. In the old days women, as the weaker gender, had to put up with any inequalities forced upon them. b. As an independent country, China will not accept any unfair treaties forced upon her. c. Some students complained about the excessive homework forced upon them.

29. Language work(C, p.158) 5. a. Old people usually live alone in their homes, so they are in desperate need of companionship. b. The young woman is going to have another baby because her only son is in desperate need of companionship. c. The psychiatrist said that nothing was wrong with the patient. He was just in desperate need of companionship.

30. Dictation Read more Grammar work Word formation Vocabulary work Translation Part III Extended Activities

31. Dictation • Script of the Dictation A fisherman had caught a little fish. The poor creature begged him to throw it back again to the water, saying: “What is the use of catching me? I’m not large enough yet. Throw me back into the river, and you will catch me when I’m bigger. Then I shall be a fine dish for you.” The fisherman answered:” There’s no use of talking. If I let you into the water again, it is doubtful whether I may ever see you any more. You shall go into the frying pan and be fried this evening.” This fable illustrates an idea: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

32. Read more • True/False/Not Mentioned Answers: 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A • Topics for discussion 1. Did the dog-narrator I the text fulfill its task? 2. Why do people use tracker-dogs to search for a thief? 3. What can a tracker-dog do and what can it not do?

33. Grammar work • Answers 1. Bob denied breaking the window, but I’m sure he did. 2. I remember having closed the door, but I’m not sure if I locked it or not. 3. Let’s face it. It’s no good worrying any more tonight. 4. Judy was finally tired of quarrelling with her husband. 5. I’m sorry I keep coughing all the time. 6. Though the job was not easy, she did not regret accepting the offer. 7. We have been in the same department for quite a few years. Now we’re used to working together. 8. I can’t help feeling that it was a mistake to let her go. 9. I’m looking forward to seeing you again in Beijing. 10. Excuse me for interrupting. Did you mentioned a Laura? Laura who?

34. Answers collective active costly heavenly apprehensive co-operative supportive truly homely scholarly Word formation

35. Vocabulary work • Answers 1. c 2. c (on) 3. d (for) 4. b (in) 5. a (on) 6. h (of/about) 7. I (of) 8. g (on) 9. j (for) 10. f (after)

36. Translation 1. At first, he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. 2. Sometimes it is not easy to pick out an acquaintance in a crowd. 3. Some convenience foods can fit in with ideas of healthy eating. 4. Your carelessness might put us into danger. 5. He tried to force his opinion on us, but we didn’t accept it. 6. They spent hours working out the result for the survey. Or: It was hours before they worked out the result of the survey. 7. If you can’t make it this way, you can try doing it another way. 8. Her illness kept her off work for several weeks.