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GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform

GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform. Lydia MAIGNE Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont- Fd CNRS/IN2P3 maigne@clermont.in2p3.fr. PET camera. Ocular brachytherapy treatment. Radiotherapy. Medical physics simulations. OpenGATE collaboration http://www.opengatecollaboration.org.

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GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform

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  1. GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform Lydia MAIGNE Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont-Fd CNRS/IN2P3 maigne@clermont.in2p3.fr

  2. PET camera Ocular brachytherapy treatment Radiotherapy Medical physics simulations OpenGATE collaboration http://www.opengatecollaboration.org

  3. The birth of GATE • July 2001 • Concept proposed by C. Morel at the « Monte Carlo in nuclear medicine workshop » organised by I.Buvat in Paris • Autumn 2001 • First specification documents • Initiation of developments • December 2001 • First collaboration meeting • Participants : University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, LPC Clermont-Ferrand IN2P3 • May 2002 • OpenGATE public meeting • May 2004: First Gate release • May 2009: Gate version 4.0.0 • June 2009: GATE version 5.0.0 for nuclear medicine and radiotherapy • June 2010: GATE version 6.0.0 with improved RT features and CT imaging • March 2010: GATE version 6.1.0 (new hadronic processes)

  4. The OpenGATE collaboration • Current status • 20 groups • Fields: SPECT, PET, µPET, radiotherapy, hadrontherapy • All members contribute • According to their interest and know-how • OpenGATE meetings: 2/3 per year • Coordination • Irène BUVAT, spokesman • Sébastien JAN, technical coordinator Jan S et al, GATE V6: a major enhancement of the GATE simulation platformenablingmodelling of CT and radiotherapy. Phys. Med. Biol. 56 (2011) 881-901 CRUMP INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULA IMAGING

  5. How it works • Based on Geant4: version 4.9.3 & 4.9.4 • C++ object oriented langage • Reliable cross sections • Core layer: C++ classes close to the G4 kernel • GATE development: C++ classes derived from the core layer classes • modelisation of detectors, sources, patient • movement (detector, patient) • time-dependent processes (radioactive decay, movement management, biological kinetics) • Ease of use • Command scripts to define all the parameters of the simulation (geometry construction, specification of physical processes, sources) User interface Application layer Core layer Geant4

  6. GATE architecture

  7. Physics processes • EM processes • Standard and low energy EM processes available • Photoelectric, compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering, pair production • Ionization (for e-, e+, hadrons, ions..) • Bremsstrahlung, positron and e- anihilation, single and multiple scattering • Hadronic processes • Elastic scattering • Inelastic process for proton • Inelastic process for ion • Pions • Neutrons • Radiative capture • Inelastic scattering • Fission • Particle decay • Radioactive decay

  8. GATE for medical imaging • Simulation of the MOBY phantom in a PET/CT ImXgam prototype • Simulation of a FDG PET of a whole body scan as aquired on a GEMINI GXL PET scanner • XCAT simulation • Clinical scan (PET, SPECT, CT) IMNC-IN2P3 (CNRS UMR 8165)

  9. Systems for scans Scanner SPECTHead PET-ECAT scan CylindricalPET CPET CTscan CTscanner scanner SPECThead ecat cylindricalPET CPET module level1 crystal block rsector crystal cluster level2 pixel crystal module pixel level3 crystal level4 layer0 level5 layer1

  10. PET-MR camera:Key Jo Hong, Yong Choi

  11. Fields of research in nuclear medicine • Caracterization of detector efficiency • Caracterization of medical scans and small animal scans • Molecular imaging • Quantification • Dosimetry (low energy) • Computing time efficiency

  12. GATE for radiation therapy • All linac geometry possible • Advanced features with dedicated scorer (actors) • doseDistributionActor, KillActor, PhaseSpaceActor • Variance reduction technique • Voxelized phantom/patient • Output = Images in ROOT or Analyze format of: • The dose distribution • The statitistical uncertainty • The number of hits in each voxels…

  13. Variance reduction technique • The weight of secondary particles is recalculated in function of the number of secondaries generated. User can also define filters to increase the efficiency of these techniques. • Splitting • to split 100 times the electron bremsstrahlung photon • Russian roulette • Russian roulette is played on secondary particles. The survival probability is 1/N and the weight of each secondary is N. • Selective splitting and russian roulette • user can add selections criteria on the incident (primary) or secondary particles. The selection is done with filters

  14. Regionalized Volume (RV) • Regionalized Volume (RV) • CT images are segmented into multiple homogeneous regions (with no density gradient greater than a user specified threshold) • A first image of homogeneous regions is created : RV image • A voxelized image describing the patient is created and associated to the RV image • The particles are tracked in the RV image, the dose scored in the voxelized image • Less boundaries, less steps, gain of CPU time D. Sarrut et al. Med Phys 35, April 2008 Representation with PV GATE example : 1 million 6MV photons Field 5x5 cm² one CPU 2.33 GHz Representation with RV CT image

  15. Fields of research in radiation therapy • Validation • Dosimetry (10 keV to 20 MeV) • Standard and Low energy G4 packages • Linac modelling + treatment plans • New techniques: IMRT, IGRT, cyberknife, pencil beam • Computing time efficiency (grid): GateLab • Radiobiology • Bacteria survivals (E. Coli), human cell survivals • DNA repare

  16. GATE for hadron therapy • In France 2 projects: • ARCHADE: European centre for R&D • Located in Caen • Partnership with IBA company • Cyclotron for acceleration of protons and carbon ions • Research in physics and radiobiology and then patients • ETOILE: treatment of patients (2015) • Located in Lyon • Collaborations with IBA company on protontherapy applications

  17. Fields of research in hadron therapy • Online beam imaging to control the dose during the treatment • Novel in beam PET, in vivo tumour response imaging • Innovative gantry designs • Detectors & electronics: • Silicium PM, MCPPMT • Dosimetry • Validation of physic processes • Validation of treatment plans • Radiobiology • Cell survival, DNA repare GSI Darmstat European NoVel Imaging Systems for ION therapy

  18. GEANT4/GATE and Grid tutorial – Seoul July 2010 • ~50 participants • NCC, Samsung Medical Center… • Strong interest by the medical physics community of Seoul for radiation therapy and medical imaging applications • Involvment in new collaborations • Protontherapy applications (treatment plans, validation): future collaboration with NCC • Radiobiology GEANT4-DNA & GATE: multi-scalesapproach

  19. Next step: Multi-scale simulations GATE-G4DNA 3 PhDstudents in our group working on the 3 levels of simulation

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