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Male Reproduction

Male Reproduction. Spermatogenesis. Sperm production Rams 49 days Boar 45 days Testicle size is a good indication of a ram’s sperm-producing ability. Sperm Production. After sexual maturity sperm production is continuous Testosterone is responsible for

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Male Reproduction

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  1. Male Reproduction

  2. Spermatogenesis • Sperm production • Rams 49 days • Boar 45 days • Testicle size is a good indication of a ram’s sperm-producing ability

  3. Sperm Production • After sexual maturity sperm production is continuous • Testosterone is responsible for • Growth, development, and activity of accessory glands • Survival of spermatozoa • Secondary sex characteristics

  4. Semen • Collective term for all fluid ejaculated • Sperm extender • Nutrient supplement • Cleaner and neutralizer

  5. Mating Systems • Pasture breeding • Animals are allowed to mate on their own • Put out for entire breeding season • Ensure that you have enough males per female ratio • Bull 1 to 35 • Ram 1 to 30 • Boar 1 to 15 • Stallion 1 to 15

  6. Mating Systems • Handmating • Used to mate specific females to specific males • Typically done in purebred operations or operations where artificial is not allowed • Not practiced on large scale operations

  7. What is a breeding soundness exam? • Physical Exam • Semen quality • Scrotal circumference

  8. Unfit for Duty • Many animal fail a breeding soundness exam • 72% of producers do not require it • 21% of producers don’t vaccinate • 60% of producers have no quarantine • Lame, injured, lazy, wore out animals don’t heat detect or breed

  9. Physical Examination

  10. Physical exam • Eyes feet and legs • Penis • Free of warts, growths • Ability to extend • Testicle shape and firmness

  11. Semen Analysis

  12. Why do we evaluate? • Want to ensure that we will have higher conception rates • Test for diseases and other problems

  13. How do we evaluate? • Get an ejaculate of semen • Place some in counter • Place some under microscope

  14. What do we evaluate? • Color • Volume • How much • Motility • Concentration • Morphology

  15. Sperm Structure

  16. Sperm Structure Acrosomal Cap: Contains an acid which helps break through the outer layer of the ovum Midpiece: contains all energy for the sperm to make it’s journey Tail: Propels the sperm to the oviduct and the ovum Head: Contains genetic information

  17. Morphology • Structure of sperm • Normal percentages • Bull 95% • Ram 95% • Boar 90% • Stallion 90%

  18. Sperm Abnormalities - Head • Normal • Pear • Slender • Microcephalic

  19. Sperm Abnormalities - Tail Normal Coiled Double Bent Double Swollen

  20. Sperm Abnormalities - other No Tail Droplet Shoehook Loose Cap

  21. Do All Sperm Look the Same? Bull Sheep Chicken Rat Guinea Pig

  22. Motility • Ability of the sperm to move • Counts number of sperm cells moving after a specified period of time • Normal motility • Bull 75% • Ram 95% • Boar 70% • Stallion 75%

  23. Concentration Grid

  24. Sperm Count • Number of sperm per mL of ejaculate • Normal amounts of ejaculate • Bull 5-15 mL • Ram .08-1.2 mL • Boar 150-200 mL • Stallion 40-100 mL

  25. Sperm Count • Normal number of sperm cells per mL of semen • Bull 4-18 billion • Ram 1.6-3.6 billion • Boar 30-60 billion • Stallion 8-50 billion

  26. Why are there so many? • Number that actually get to the oviduct • Bull 4200-27500 of 4-18 billion • Ram 600-5000 of 1.6-3.6 billion • Boar less than 100 of 30-60 billion • Stallion less than 100 of 8-50 billion

  27. Scrotal Circumference

  28. Scrotal Circumference • Highly correlated with sperm production • Each animal has a minimum for this type of production

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