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Modern Iran (1951-today)

Modern Iran (1951-today). The Geography of Iran. Iranian Oil Resources. Shah Reza Pahlavi. After WWII, Iran’s leader (1941-1951) Believes in embracing Western government and Western oil industries Remember: pro-Western. Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh , Prime Minister of Iran.

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Modern Iran (1951-today)

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  1. Modern Iran (1951-today)

  2. The Geography of Iran

  3. Iranian Oil Resources

  4. Shah Reza Pahlavi • After WWII, Iran’s leader (1941-1951) • Believes in embracing Western government and Western oil industries • Remember: pro-Western

  5. Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh,Prime Minister of Iran • Became Prime Minister in 1951. • Nationalized the foreign oil companies. • Was toppled in a coup aided by the America CIA in 1953. • The Shah of Iran returns to power. Q4

  6. Iran under Shah Reza Pahlavi (1953-1979)

  7. Shah Reza Pahlavi(r. 1941 – 1977) • Institutes Western reforms & ties with the West . • But, the majority of his people live in poverty. • Brutal suppression of dissidents  SAVAK Q5

  8. SAVAK • The Shah’s secret police • Had extensive help from American CIA • In operation from 1957-1979 • Tortured and executed political prisoners • “Most hated and feared institition”

  9. The Shah & His Wife, Farah Iranian elite/upper- and intellectual classes: verypro-Western.

  10. “The White Revolution”The Shah’s Reform Program (1963) Land reform – 90% of Iran’s peasants became land owners. Massive government-financed heavy industry projects. Granted women more political power – the right to vote. Poured government money into education – especially in rural areas where illiteracy was very high. Nationalization of forests and pasture lands.

  11. The Iranian Revolution (1979)

  12. Reasons for the Fall of the Shah • The Shah spent the oil profits for top of the line American military hardware. • Little money to reinvest back into the Iranian economy. • Religious leaders angry with the Shah for too much “Westernization.” • Government corruption. • The Shah’s constitutional violations of the basic human rights of his citizens.

  13. Anti-Shah Protests

  14. The Shah’s ChiefOpponents? Oil field workers. Students and other intellectuals. Middle class businessmen. Iranian nationalists. Muslim clerics. Q6

  15. Anti-American Pin(1960s)

  16. Iranian Students Protest in Beverley Hills

  17. Anarchy & Revolution The Shah leaves Iran on 1/16/79.

  18. Ayatollah KhomeiniLeads the Revolution Khomeini returns to Iran on February 11, 1979. Q7

  19. Ayatollah • A religious leader in Iran • Supreme leader • Highest ranking official and religious authority in Iran

  20. Ayatollah Khomeini(r. 1979-1989) • Became an Islamic scholar • Began to speak out against the Shah in the 1960s. • Arrested and imprisoned several times by the Shah. • Deported in 1978 & went to France. • Hated the US. Wanted all Muslims to overthrow secular governments

  21. Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Iranian Soldiers A theocracy is created! Q8

  22. Theocracy • “the rule of God” • A government ruled by or subject to religious authority

  23. SAVAK Suspects Taken

  24. The Fate of the Shah’s Generals Charged With: Corruption on Earth

  25. American Embassy inTehran Taken Over Q9

  26. 52 Americans Held Hostage for 444 Days!

  27. Hostage Crisis • Seizure of the US embassy in Tehran by students unhappy with the US for admitting the Shah for medical treatment • 1979 • Failed rescue attempt in 1980 • Finally freed after Reagan becomes President

  28. 52 American HostagesReleased in Jan., 1981

  29. The Islamic Republic of Iran

  30. The Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)

  31. The Iran-Iraq War(1980-1988) Q10

  32. The Iran-Iraq War:Taking Sides

  33. Iraqi Soldiers At the Front • 375,000 Iraqi casualties & 60,000 POWs!

  34. Iranian Soldiers • Over 1,000,000 Iranian casualties! Q11

  35. War • Iraq invades Iran in 1980 • Border disputes, political disputes • Khomeini called for the overthrow of Hussein • US secretly gives aid to both sides (afraid of a Communist takeover in Iran)

  36. Iran Since the Death of the Ayatollah Khomeini

  37. Khomeini’s Death(June, 1989)

  38. Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei

  39. Ayatollah Khatami The Ayatollah is considered a political moderate. Q12

  40. Another Nuclear Power? US satellite photo of Iranian nuclear facility near Arak.

  41. An American view of Iranian nuclear power PINOCCHIAYATOLLAH Scott Stantis (Birmingham News) 1/28/05

  42. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad • Current leader of Iran (2005-present) • Photos suggest he was a hostage taker… Iran denies this • Outspoken critic of the US, Britain, and Israel • Nuclear program for peaceful purposes?

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