Digestion

1. Digestion By Alex Weeda

2. Introduction • Everyone has to eat to survive. The nutrition gets taken around the body and you poo. • But what is the story the food takes and exactly how does the body store food into the blood stream to survive. Well guess what that is what you are about to find out.

3. Diagram This is the main parts of the body. These are most of your body needs to survive some are not there but I will discuss that later

4. Mouth • Your food journey starts as soon as you take your first bite. When you take your take your bite, you turn it into smaller chunks to increase the surface area. Then you start masticating to make the surface area. If you don’t chew your body has another trick up its sleeve. Saliva. Saliva has an important role to break down simple sugars to put in you blood stream. There are 3 salivary glands. Two in your cheeks and the main one which is placed just under your tongue. If you place two finger apart and squeeze in to it you will feel it. It does this with the help of a special emzyme called amylase. Made with calcium iron and clorine iron it has the assential to break down starch into sugar for your body to take. Without it our chewing would take a lot slower. • Swallow are a complex neuromuscular activities consisting of three phases, an oral, pharyngeal and esophagal phases. • Swallowing is triggered by a part of your brain called cerebellum. The senses travel down your symphathetic nervous system • If the food contains toxins the body will have three ways of getting rid of the food. If your food tastes bad it does not mean that it tastes bad. It is actully your body trying to get you to reget the taste. If you swallow it your stomach acid may be triggered through an opening of the spincter causing vomiting. If that does not work your body has another trick up its sleeve. Dirrorea. But the problem is that it uses up a lot of water and people die due to selmonela food poisoning and typhiod.

5. Oesophagus • The foods next area is a tube that runs from the mouth to the the stomach. This special tube known as the Oesophagus is by far the most remarkable tube you have ever seen. To make sure the food does not go down the wrong way a flap of skin will cover the wind pipe when you swallow. This is known as the epigollitis. • The food will be squeesed down into the stomach at blinding speed by a muscle that surrounds the tube known as the peristaltic muscle. • The Oesophagus is made of highly sensitive cells, if you swallow something hot it will burn and you will feel it. • The food will enter through spincters and enter the stomach. Spincters stop the stomach juices from entering the Oesophagus.

6. Stomach • This is where our food gets cleaned. Stomach acid is known as hydrocloric acid. Hydrocloric acids job is to kill germs reach 2 on the ph scale it is more then enough to kill germs. • The food will first enter the Fundus. This has little ripples in the stomach which allows it to expand with every mouthful. The Fundus is where the food begins being broken down. • The food will normally stay in the stomach for about 4 hours before entering the muscle part of the stomach. The muscles help break down the food by squeesing it to increase surface area.

7. Liver • The Liver is a vital organ. Its job is to produce a product called bile which breaks down all the fat so that the liver can store it into glycogen. This is a term known as the bilbary tree. This is because the liver stores the bile in the gall bladder. • It also takes out all the vitamins and puts it into the blood stream. • The liver runs on a nerve known as the hepatic vein and arteries. • The hepatic arteries are important because that is where the liver puts the digested nutrients. It supplies the liver with approximately 75% of the livers blood and oxygen. The remainder 25% of oxygen comes from your central veins. • The liver plays severe roles in carbohydrate metabolisim. Turning glycogen into glucose (glycogenonlysis) the formation of Glycogen into Glucose. This is also done by muscle tissue

8. Liver Problems • If There is Food poisoning or toxins it will mostly be felt by the liver. • Hepatitis A, a virus which is very common from food that is open for over 2 weeks. Hepititis A effects the livers ability to clean and to introduce bile to the stomach. It cannot kill and the body will knock it off in about 3-4 weeks. • Chemicals such as nicotine, excess alcohol, paraceatimal and atheritis tablets affect the bile production of the liver. To much will cause death to the liver • Cirrhosis to the liver is a major bacteria from food that affects the liver. It effects the waste broke down of the liver It will cause death. • Excessive smoking can lead to liver cancer. • Selmonela is a bacterial infection of the liver when it is forced to reject it through dirroheoa • Hypertension and Hypotension can severely damage the livers rate of function. • To much fat can cause conarys liver disease. Conarys Liver disease effects the tube the liver cleans in, clogging it up with fat so the liver can no longer do its job. • Diabetes type which also comes from to much fat also can damage your liver • Sexually transmitted diseases such as hepititis C also have an effect and will eat aeay at your liver. Hepititis C is probibly the worse because there are no symptoms so it is very hard to contact. If not treated hepititis C will lead to liver cancer. All hepititisvirises do and tend to attack the liver.

9. Gonhorrea is a sexually transmitted disease that is can intoxicate the liver. This disease involves you having trouble swallowing, symtoms include dirrohea, vommiting and nausea. • Clogged up arteries can result in a slow down of the liver. • Strokes are a major threat to the liver since it is very easy to get get a stroke in the hepatic arteries.

10. Intestines • The intestines are one of the most important organ in the body. Its job is to take out all the nutrition of your food and place this in your body and it does it in the most remarkable. When the food leaves the stomach it becomes a liquad called chyme. The chyme soaks up into the surrounding skin, abling the soaked up nutrition and water to easily enter the blood stream. The small intestines are in charge of breaking down food even more. The large intestines are involved in nutrition. Any un needed food will be pushed out of your body.