Europeans in the Americas

1. Europeans in the Americas

2. Be sure you have your book

3. The Spanish and Portuguese in the Americas Explain how migrations of Europeans affected the Americas Analyze the near-elimination of American Indian civilizations Explain social stratifications of the population in Latin America

4. Columbus Revisited • Columbus’ first interaction with Native Americans (N.A.) was with the Taino • Taino greeted Spanish warmly and were friendly

5. Columbus Revisited (cont.) • Spanish treated Taino harshly and cruelly • Columbus required each Taino to pay him gold

6. Conquistadors • After Columbus, Spain sent over conquistadors • Spanish conquerors • Spread throughout region and took gold from N.A. • Forced N.A. to convert to Christianity

8. Consider the Following • Why do you think the Spanish were so successful?

9. Guns, Germs, and Steel • Steel weapons and armor superior to N.A. weapons • N.A. had no immunity, or resistance, to European diseases (like smallpox)

10. Guns, Germs, and Steel (cont.) • Spanish first to bring over horses; N.A. had not seen horses before • By the 1500s, the population of N.A. in the Caribbean had declined by 90%

11. Cortes Conquers Mexico • Hernan Cortes was among one of first conquistadors • Made inward trek into Mexico toward Aztecs • Malinche, a young N.A. woman, served as translator

12. Cortes Conquers Mexico (cont.) • Cortes allies himself with people Aztecs conquered • Moctezuma, Aztec emperor, heard of Cortes; thinks he is Quetzalcotl, an Aztec god • Cortes reaches Tenochtitlan, Aztec capital city

16. Cortes Conquers Mexico (cont.) • Spaniards amazed by Aztec décor in city; become greedy • Cortes betrays Moctezuma’s trust and tries to conquer city • Fails first time, returns to take city the second

17. Pizarro Takes Peru • Francisco Pizarro, another conquistador, goes after Incan Peru • Conquers Incan empire and kills leader, Atahualpa

18. Effects on Natives • Europeans had conquered millions of N.A. within a few decades • Spain became Europe’s greatest power • N.A. still tried to resist European influence

19. Consider the Following • Why were the Spanish so successful in conquering the N.A.?

20. Homework • Please do the terms for Chapter 15, Section 2 (words in blue) • Please do questions 4, 5, and 6 • This will be collected tomorrow!

21. Colonizing the Americas Explain the growth of European settlers in the Americas Analyze the migration patterns of Europeans

22. Spanish Empire • By mid-1500s, Spain had a vast empire that stretched from California to South America • In order to rule this all, the king established the Council of the Indies to make laws for the colonies • Also appointed _______________, or representatives that ruled in his name, to the colonies and provinces

23. Christianity Spreads • As Spanish authority expanded, so did the ________________ • Sought to convert N.A. to subjects of Catholic Spanish king • Spanish empire started becoming more powerful and wealthy through trade • Sugar • Molasses • Rum

24. Encomienda • ________________ was an economic system where conquistadors required tribute from N.A. • Gold • Land • Slavery • Those who resisted were harshly persecuted

25. Opposition to Spanish Ways • ____________________________ condemned evils of encomiendas system • Las Casas spoke out against treatment of N.A. • In response to this, Spain passed laws to outlaw ____________________ and abuse of N.A. • How do you think this worked out?

26. Opposition to Spanish Ways • Colonies too far away from Spain to care • Many N.A. ended up becoming ____________, who are workers that must work to pay off a debt to a landlord • Ironically, Las Casas urged colonists to import workers from _______________

27. Cultural Blending • Three main groups in the Americas during this time • Spanish • ______________ • N.A. • Cultures started blending; food, music, drama

28. Caste System • What is a caste system? • Caste system is a social class order • At the top were _______________________, people born in Spain • Then creoles, Spaniards born in America

29. Caste System • _____________________: people of N.A. and European descent • _____________________: people of African and European descent • Combination of N.A. and African ancestry was at bottom of order

31. Cities • Various cities and towns started growing • Colonies also started building __________________

32. Portuguese in Brazil • By using the _________________________, Portugal claimed untouched Brazil • Brazilwood proved to be very profitable

33. Challenging Spain and Portugal • English, Dutch, and French jealous • Smugglers started trading illegally with Spain and Portugal • Dutch, English, and French _____________ started attacking Spain and Portuguese ships • ____________________: pirates approved by European governments

35. New France • French started landing in Canada • Canada was called, at the time, ________________ • ________________________ started exploring eastern Canada; finds St. Lawrence River • French started converting N.A. • Fun fact: The Ojibwe word for French people, “Wemtigosh”, means “those who carry the cross”

36. New France (cont.) • Started befriending N.A. • Climate not too good for farming • French people started fishing, trapping, and trading ___________ • New France grew slowly

37. English Colonies • _________________: English Protestants that sought religious freedom • Before arriving, they signed the ________________________, one of the earliest forms of self-government in America • First permanent English colony was ______________________

38. English Colonies (cont.) • More settlers came over for religious freedom • Crops started growing, such as ______________ • Plantations established in the Americas to make money; imported African slaves • English colonies enjoyed a relatively large degree of ___________________________

39. Struggle For Power • European powers started fighting over control of Americas • N.A. hoped to play Europeans against each other • Britain and France’s conflict erupted into ______________________________________

40. French and Indian War • AKA Seven Years’ War • British launched campaigns against French in ______________ • ____________ ended up prevailing • ____________________________ officially ended the war; established British rule in North America

41. French and Indian War • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0qbzNHmfW0

42. Roanoke • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o99Y4Brq-GY

43. Effects of Global Contact Analyze the transformation of European economies Describe capitalism and its role in increasing global interactions Describe the global spread of major commodities

44. The Columbian Exchange • Columbus returns to Spain with new plants and animals not found in Europe • Sparks a global exchange across the entire world • Since Columbus started it, it’s called the Columbian Exchange (C.E.)

45. The Columbian Exchange (cont.)

46. The Columbian Exchange (cont.) • New crops for Europe • Corn • Sugar • Bananas • New animals for N.A. • Pigs • Horses • Cattle • Chickens

47. The Columbian Exchange (cont.) • New crops from Americas helped grow population • C.E. also helped spark migration to Americas

48. Commercial Revolution • Across Europe, there was a huge rise of inflation • Too much money coming from Americas • This time of high inflation was known as the Price Revolution

49. Rise of Capitalism • All the money coming from the Americas helped spur the growth of European capitalism • Economic system where businesses are owned privately • Entrepreneurs, or economic risk takers, start checking out America

50. New Business Models • Number of banks increased • Capitalists devise “putting-out” system • “Cottage system”; separated profit and labor