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Ruminant Restraint Chapter 2

Ruminant Restraint Chapter 2. Dr. Dipa Brahmbhatt VMD, MPH, MS. Objectives. Understand potential risks that exist with the practice of large animal veterinary medicine. KNOW quick release knot. Understand the basic natural instincts of each large animal species.

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Ruminant Restraint Chapter 2

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  1. Ruminant Restraint Chapter 2 Dr. DipaBrahmbhatt VMD, MPH, MS

  2. Objectives Understand potential risks that exist with the practice of large animal veterinary medicine. KNOW quick release knot. Understand the basic natural instincts of each large animal species. Understand the importance of protecting themselves, veterinary personnel, and clients while handling patients. Be familiar with common methods of large animal restraint and be able to apply them safely, efficiently, and effectively.

  3. Safety One of the most dangerous occupations Death rate: 21 workers per 100,000 110,000 disabling accidents per year Reasons Human error Being tired Not paying attention Using poor judgment

  4. Dangers Livestock Chemical safety Environmental safety Animal disease Preventing zoonosis Cleanliness Vaccinations Quarantine sick animals Avoid exposure Gain handling Building problems Fire safety

  5. Biosecurity Wash hands and boots Clean cloths Control insects, rodents, and birds Control mold Limit contact with other animals Limit vehicle traffic Wear rubber gloves when dealing with sick animals Wear shoe coverings to prevent transmission Wear protective eye covering Wear a mask when concerned with aerosols

  6. Beef Cattle – Cow/Calf ProducersNE,TX, KS • Before the feedlot, spend most of their time in open range or field settings. • Handled and restrained only occasionally: vaccination and deworming. • Suspicious of humans and enclosures (pens and chutes), and are usually more difficult to segregate and restrain. • Caution: Beef bulls and cows with calves

  7. Dairy cattle • Temperament • nervous cow • the docile cow • the balker (obstinate) • the chronic kicker • Dairy bulls should never by trusted • Cows with calves • Facility • dark barns are apt to be nervous. • Better in a well lighted, well ventilated one • sedative or anesthetic

  8. Dairy Cattle • Dairy cattle are handled more frequently and spend much less time in open settings. • Dairy cows are milked twice daily while lactating, and the lactation cycle lasts on average 8-10 months of the year. • Breeding is done by artificial insemination. • Calves are often reared in enclosures with frequent human contact. • In generaL, dairy cattle tend to be much easier to handle and restrain. (Caution on dairy bulls and mums)

  9. Cattle Restraint “Stress” Loss of production results in lower profits. Increased feed requirements result in increased cost. Decreased immunity results in increased illness. Death results in lower profits.

  10. Cattle Restraint (cont’d) Stress Increased respiration High mortality Teeth grinding Poor product quality Nervousness Poor growth rate Poor reproduction Increased flight zone

  11. Most veterinarian procedures required two stages of animal handling: • The individual most be separate from the herd (herding instinct) • The individual must then be restrained appropriately for the procedure

  12. Restraint • Chemical and physical restraint • Prepare • Be familiar with your equipment • Protect the animal • Protect yourself • Protect your coworkers Liability: The veterinarian is responsible

  13. Drive animals to pen/corral • /“tub” • Tub to alleyway to working chute

  14. Moving and Herding Cattle • CALM • Should not move faster than a walk • SHOULDER • Aka: point of balance • Behind > forward • Front > backwards • Ask the farmer  • Cattle move toward light • STRESS > DISEASE AND LOW PERFORMANCE

  15. Cattle Restraint (cont’d) Tailing The middle of the tail is grasped and twisted forward to one side or the other, over the back, and off of midline. Too much pressure can break the tail. Do not stand directly behind them.

  16. Backstops Spring loaded panels pushed forward as animal moves through than popped back in place

  17. Cattle Restraint (cont’d) • Chutes • Head gate • Tail gate • Squeeze

  18. Chute Restraint • The working chute is designed to hold one animal at the time • Silencer chute

  19. Chute Restraint Self closing head catch or manually

  20. “Posting” Use both hands

  21. Fully restrain head before working with animal • Head first squeeze later

  22. Nose lead

  23. Challenges • Cow is down • Occlude trachea or blood flow to the cranium • Handle calmly • Only 1 hand inside chute

  24. Head restraint may be applied to cooperative animals, without use of a chute, but most individuals must be placed in a chute first. • "the part that draws goes under the jaws.“ • Not for beef

  25. Cattle Restraint (cont’d) Halters

  26. Cattle halters are used to control the head by tying or securing the head to an immovable object with a rope attached to the halter • Watch trachea and eye QUICK RELEASE

  27. Restraints that divert attention • Tail restraint • Nose lead/ “nose tongs” • IV injection • Udder surgery • Examine hoof • Restraint of the head

  28. They apply blunt, pinching pressure to the nasal septum. Supplement with halter and/or with head restraint Nasal septum may be torn with violent movement Nose leads

  29. Don’t use in calves • If tie knot: quick release and monitor carefully

  30. Nose rings • Placed through the nasal septum and are often used in bulls • Should not be used to tie the head for head restraint • Only for additional control of the head but: nasal septum can be torn

  31. Tail Restraint • Cattle tail not as strong as horse • Don’t include vertebrae TAIL JACK

  32. Leg Restraint • Over common • Calcaneal tendon, just above the hocks • Hobbels/ Hoppels – No Kicking • Flank rope – No Kicking

  33. Leg Restraint

  34. Leg Restraint: Front Leg Hoppel PE or treatment A rope with an eye in one end is used to form a loop around the pastern. The other end of the rope passes over the withers where is should be held by an assistant so that it can be released quickly if the cow starts to go down. ASSISTANT

  35. Beam and Hook - HL Other method

  36. If more than 30 min. NPO

  37. Casting – Rope Squeeze • Casting is a method of forcing an animal to the ground, usually with ropes • Prefer R lateral recumbency: discourages bloat • Casting - calving

  38. Casting – Burley Method • Advantages • Less time • No respiratory/ CVS pressure • No pressure in genitalia area Dr. D. R. Burley of Georgia

  39. Recumbent animal • Stand next to spine • Back/ Rib/ Thigh • Tap, slap or poke (blunt item) • Knee • Electric cattle prod only if necessary

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