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Ruminant Liver Parasites

Ruminant Liver Parasites. Condemned Liver. Annual condemnation of livers of 3-4% of US cattle (25% Louisiana) at $3-5 each due to parasites. Fasciola distribution in the US. Life Cycle Diagrams. Heavily Parasitized Heifer

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Ruminant Liver Parasites

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  1. Ruminant Liver Parasites

  2. Condemned Liver Annual condemnation of livers of 3-4% of US cattle (25% Louisiana) at $3-5 each due to parasites.

  3. Fasciola distribution in the US

  4. Life Cycle Diagrams

  5. Heavily Parasitized Heifer Severe clinical infections are seldom seen in cattle, associated with burdens of 100-200+ flukes.

  6. Sheep with bottle jaw Sheep and Goats develop no immunity, high mortality in outbreaks can occur, most path at bile duct entry.

  7. Fluke with spines in bile duct - erode prolifersted epithelium, consume blood and exudate, proline -- fibrosis, anemia.

  8. Liver infarct, Bacillary Hemoglobinuria Bacillary hemoglobinuria is predisposed by fluke migration anaerobic tracts, especially in certain geographic areas.

  9. Seasonal Transmission Diagram of the Gulf Coast Region

  10. Pacific Northwest cattle Summer, fall transmission

  11. Persistence in dung pat reservoir on pasture, must be free in water to develop miracidia.

  12. Persistence in snails Lymnaeid snail morphology, “mudbank” habitat, asexual stages.

  13. Sporocyst

  14. Persistence as metacercariae A 2 week sustained summer drought will kill them.

  15. Climate Forecasts

  16. Ten climate stations used for spring, fall LA forecast.

  17. Louisiana forecast parameters

  18. Clinical Fascioliasis

  19. Fasciola Hepatic vs. Fasciola gigantica

  20. Paramphistomum Rumen fluke in situ among rumen papillae.

  21. Fascioloides magna life cycle

  22. Fascioloides magnainfected livers Note the black pigment and size.

  23. Dicrocoelium land snail host Black ant second intermediate host

  24. Dicrocoelium “crazy ant” on flower

  25. Dicrocoelium Adult Dicrocoelium egg

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