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Enhanced Landpower in East Asia: 2001-2015 Overview

This study examines U.S. land power in East Asia between 2001-2015, focusing on post-9/11 policies, force modernization, missile systems, reserve systems, and social support in South Korea and Taiwan. It assesses the positive impact of U.S. Army templates while outlining future challenges. The reduction in Army strength and updates in equipment and structures are discussed, highlighting the regional missile capabilities and challenges faced by the U.S. and its allies. Historical trends and current social issues within South Korea and Taiwan's defense systems are analyzed in depth.

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Enhanced Landpower in East Asia: 2001-2015 Overview

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  1. U.S. Landpower in East Asia: Building Allied Institutional Capability Eric Setzekorn Historian, U.S. Army Center of Military History

  2. Outline • Post 9/11 U.S. Army Policy • South Korea and Taiwan Initiatives • Force Modernization/Manpower Drawdown • Missile Systems • Issue • Reserve System/Social Support • Overall Assessment of 2001-2015 is Positive • Use of U.S. Army “Templates” has been successful. • Future Outlook is Negative • No Clear U.S. Ability to Assist

  3. Taiwan: Force Modernization • Reduced Army Strength • 1990: 430,000 • 2015: 230,000 • 2020: 175,000 • New Structure • BCT • New Equipment • CM-32 Yunpao (雲豹) • Thunderbolt 2000 (雷霆 2000) • AH-64 (31) • UH-60 (60)

  4. South Korea: Force Modernization • Reduced Army Strength • 1998: 620,000 • 2015: 495,000 • 2022: 375,000 Planned • New Structures • Increase in Brigade Formations • New Equipment • KUH-1 Surion (~250) • AH-64E (36) • K-2 Black Panther MBT • K-9 Thunder SPG

  5. U.S. Army Missile Capabilities • “Survivability, Sustainability and Persistence,” CSBA • Layers of Defense • Storage and Resupply • Multiple Hardened Launch Sites • Mobile or Dispersed Assets • Joint Fires • Sensors • ATACMS • Issues: INF/MTCR

  6. Acquisition of U.S. Army Systems • SK/Taiwan Late to Missile Defense (Post-2006) • Budgets/Politics/U.S. Restrictions • Taiwan 2008-2011 • 6 Billion USD: 450 Pac-3 Missiles • 2.5 Billion USD: EWR • ATACMS (pending-?) • South Korea • 1.5 Billion USD: 140 PAC-3 • 750 Million USD: 200 ATACMS (Now locally produced) • 20 Billion USD: Planned 2014-2018: Some Indigenous/Some U.S.

  7. Reserve Forces • Increasing Important • Demographics Limit Active Component • Civil Defense/Disaster Relief • Inactive Reserve System • No Associated Equipment or Staff • Taiwan • 2.6 million reserves (140,000 train per year) • 2.5-5.5 day training cycle • South Korea • 2.9 million (Bi-annual training, Total of Four Sessions) • 2.5 days of training

  8. Demographic Challenge Source: Taiwan, Ministry of National Defense Report, 2011

  9. Reserve Force Training • Training Schedule • Friday 1700 Report • Saturday: Opening Ceremony, Rifle Marksmanship (6-10 rounds), Hike (2-3 miles) • Sunday: Classroom Training, Clean-Up, Closing Ceremony • 1300 Dismissal

  10. Taiwan: Social Issues • Low Public Trust • Perception of High Injury and Suicide rate Among Conscripts • Hung Case • Massive Demonstrations • Two Defense Ministers Resign • End of UCMJ • Failed Volunteer System • Continued Conscription

  11. South Korea: Social Issues • Low Public Trust • Concern Over Abuse and Suicide of Conscripts • Shootings by Soldiers • Yoon Case-May 2014 • 16 Officers Disciplined • SGT Receives 45 year sentence • CSA Kwan Oh-Sung Resigns • South Korean Volunteer System Still Tentative

  12. Conclusion • U.S. Army Strategic Landpower Has Been Boosted Since 9/11 by Action of South Korea and Taiwan • Adoption of U.S. Organizational Structures • Purchase of U.S. Equipment • Result: Smaller, More Capable Forces • Future Issues are More Difficult • No U.S. “Template” to Solve Social/Demographics Issues • U.S. Experience with Conscripts is Outdated • “National Guard” Difficult with Local Political System

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