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Intro to Language

Intro to Language. AP Human Geography Mrs. Lacks. What is language?. Language – a set of sounds, combinations of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication. Languages are not static, but change continuously . Preliterate societies – no written language. What is language?.

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Intro to Language

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  1. Intro to Language AP Human Geography Mrs. Lacks

  2. What is language? • Language – a set of sounds, combinations of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication. • Languages are not static, but change continuously. • Preliterate societies – no written language

  3. What is language? • Dialects – differences in vocabulary, syntax (the way words are put together to form phrases), pronunciation, cadence (the rhythm of speech), and even the pace of speech • Isoglosses – geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs, move over time  (e.g. Soda, Pop)

  4. How is language formed? • Language divergence – when a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of a language breaks the language into dialects and then new languages. • Language convergence – when peoples with different languages have consistent spatial interaction and their languages collapse into one.

  5. Language is the heart of culture • Without language, culture could not be transmitted • Cultures of all sizes fiercely protect their language.  (ex. In 1975, France banned the use of foreign words in advertisements, television and radio broadcasts, and official documents.)

  6. How do Languages Diffuse? • human interaction • print distribution • migration • trade • rise of nation-states • colonialism

  7. Spatial Interaction helps create: • Lingua franca – A language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce. • Pidgin language – a language created when people combine parts of two or more languages into a simplified structure and vocabulary. • Creole language – a pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language of a group of people.

  8. Linguistic Anthropology • Linguistic anthropologists study the variation in human languages, the roots of human languages, and the role of language in shaping human thought and behavior. • It is a subfield of cultural anthropology • Main areas of study: • How language is used • Relationship between language and culture • How humans acquire language • A Linguistic Anthropologist would look at: • Verbal language • Non-verbal language

  9. Monolingual State a country in which only one language is spokenMultilingual State a country in which more than one language is in useOfficial Languageshould a multilingual state adopt an official language?

  10. World Languages • Over 7,000 languages spoken in the world • http://www.ethnologue.com/world

  11. Language Families • Indo-European (Americas, Europe, Southwest Asia, Australia, South Africa) • Sino-Tibetan (China, Southeast Asia) • Japanese-Korean (Japan, Korean Peninsula) • Afro-Asiatic (North Africa, Arabian Peninsula) • Dravidian (India) • Malay-Polynesian (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Madagascar) • Ural-Altaic (Russia, Northern Asia, Finland, Turkey) • Niger-Congo (Sub-Saharan Africa) • American Indian (South America, Meso-America, Northern America)

  12. Language Families • Language families – have a shared, but fairly distant origin (e.g. Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan) • Language subfamilies – commonality is more definite • Germanic: English, German, Danish, Norwegian & Swedish • Romance: French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, Portuguese • Slavic: Russian, Polish, Czech, … • Celtic: Welsh, Gaelic,… • Language groups – consist of sets of individual languages • English is most spread, Chinese is most spoken (Mandarin: ~700 million)

  13. Languages of Subsaharan Africa- extreme language diversity- effects of colonialism

  14. Nigeriamore than 400 different languages.

  15. English • Germanic Language • First spoken in early Medieval England (5th century; Anglo-Saxons) • Spoken by 328 million people worldwide • Third most common native language (after Mandarin & Spanish) • Lingua franca (unifying language) • International language of communication, science, business, seafaring, aviation, entertainment, diplomacy

  16. English • Old English: • Anglo-Saxon England • Best known work: Beowulf • Middle English: • began after Norman Conquest • Best known work: Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales • Modern English: since 1550 • Best known works: • Shakespeare • King James Bible • Beginning of colonization

  17. Changes in Language • Language changes by region • British English to American English • Dialects within US vary by region • http://www.alphadictionary.com/articles/yankeetest.html

  18. Dialects by Region

  19. Dialects in the Eastern United States

  20. Soft Drinks, Sodas, or Cokes?

  21. Regional Dialects • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIZgw09CG9E (Tangier Island) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvuWSJI87r8 (Gullah)

  22. Changes in Language • Languages changes over time • http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1471629/bling-bling-added-dictionary.jhtml • http://qz.com/119200/oxford-dictionary-adds-twerk-derp-selfie-phablet-and-more-voguish-vocabulary/

  23. All wet Applesauce Bee’s Knees Belly Laugh Berries Big Cheese Bull Session Bump Off Carry A Torch Cat’s Meow Cheaters Copasetic Crush Wrong; arguing a mistaken notion or belief A term of derogation; non-sense; baloney A superb person or thing A loud, uninhibited laugh Anything wonderful; similar to bee’s knees An important person An informal group discussion To murder To suffer from unrequited love Anything wonderful; similar to bee’s knees Eyeglasses Excellent An infatuation with a person of the opposite sex Jazz Age Glossary

  24. Dogs Fall guy Flapper Giggle Water Gin Mill Goofy Hard-Boiled Heebie-Jeebie Human feet A scapegoat A typical young girl of the 20’s An alcoholic drink A speak-easy Silly Tough; without sentiment The jitters Jazz Age Glossary

  25. 404 411 Bag On Check It Out Clueless Cool Da Bomb Dig It Dipstick Dis Dog Drop Drop Knowledge Dude Clueless or naïve Information To tease, nag or complain Pay attention Unaware; naïve; lacking knowledge Calm, fine, acceptable, neat exciting Great; awesome; extremely cool Do you understand? A stupid person To disrespect To criticize sharply or act like a jerk To give or tell To share information or experience Person, especially male – greeting 90’s Language

  26. Get outta here Hang out Jam Rag Rap Rents School Totally For Real Trip Turkey Way What’s Up You must be kidding To relax or to gather To leave; to go To tease, put down, criticize To talk or a kind of music Parents To teach a lesson to Very, very much True? Is it true? Unusual or strange, overreact Someone who is stupid or silly Yes, positive affirmation to “no way” Hi. What’s new or happening? 90’s Language

  27. BFF LOL BRB LMAO A3 CMIIW FOMCL IYKWIM JJA MTFBWU OTTOMH PRW SBTSBC SMHID UGTBK Best friends forever Laugh out loud Be right back Laughing my @$$ off Anytime, anywhere anyplace Correct me if I'm wrong Falling off my chair laughing If you know what I mean Just joking around May the force be with you Off the top of my head Parents/people watching Same bat time, same bat channel Scratching my head in disbelief You’vegotta be kidding Text Language

  28. Percent of People 5 Years and Older Who Speak a Language other than English at Home

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