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Zone Refining

Zone Refining. Jonathan Lingo Christina Borgese Horalia Hernandez-Reyes Jacqueline Compton Jeff Stein. ZONE REFINING. History Theory and Equations Specific Processes Applications Advantages and Alternatives Conclusion. HISTORY. Theory of Zone Refining. Purification Technique.

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Zone Refining

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  1. Zone Refining Jonathan Lingo Christina Borgese Horalia Hernandez-Reyes Jacqueline Compton Jeff Stein

  2. ZONE REFINING • History • Theory and Equations • Specific Processes • Applications • Advantages and Alternatives • Conclusion

  3. HISTORY

  4. Theory of Zone Refining • Purification Technique

  5. Theory Related Equations

  6. Multi-Pass Equations (7)

  7. The Czochralski Process • Most common method of zone refining silicon • Whole body melts as one section • Process creates long cylindrical plugs of silicon

  8. Silicon • Most abundant and widely used semiconductor • Silicon is derived from sand, quartz, agate and jasper • Four electrons in its outer shell

  9. Semiconductors • Two types of semiconductors: N-Type and P-Type • Semiconductors are the building block of any electronic device that computes or uses radio waves • Diodes, transistors and computer chips are all made using semiconductors

  10. Mechanics of Czochralski’s Process • Crystal Growth Method- inert atmosphere • Processed in a Vat • Dimension Factors

  11. Effect of Crystal Pull Rate and Melt Temperature on Diameter • For a vat composed of quartz in an atmosphere of argon an empirical relationship has been developed involving physical principles and a thorough analysis of operating data

  12. Advantages Multiple Applications and variations Crystal Pulling method requires no subsections Creates applications to the crucible method Alternatives Liquidation Distillation Oxidation Electrolytic Refining

  13. Conclusion • The method of Zone Refining has many applications, including semiconductors being extremely important in today’s industry • Processes have evolved since zone refining’s discovery in 1952 • The many variations and diversification of Zone Refining will be important in many future developments

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