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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. 8-1 Mountains and Seas. What to Know: How did geography influence the development of early civilizations in Greece? Vocabulary Peninsula : A stretch of ______ almost completely surrounded by water Isthmus : A small strip of land ________ larger land _____.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece

  2. 8-1 Mountains and Seas • What to Know: How did geography influence the development of early civilizations in Greece? • Vocabulary • Peninsula: A stretch of ______ almost completely surrounded by water • Isthmus: A small strip of land ________ larger land _____

  3. Harbor: A ________ place with deep _________ close to shore

  4. The Land of Greece • Located on the _______ Peninsula • Surrounded by Ionian, ___________, and Aegean Sea • Asia Minor now referred to as ______ • An _________ connects the peninsula with southern peninsula • Southern area of peninsula is called the __________ • ¾ is covered in _________ • _______ is thin and rocky • Over 2,000 _______, largest is Crete • First ___________ were on islands, mainland, and coasts of North Africa, Italy, and Spain

  5. Life Among Mountains • People settled in mountain ______ • Kept people separate, not under one _____ • Trade was _______ by land, ______ could not be used for transport because they would dry up • Land was difficult to _______ • _______ sheep, goats, and pigs • Got wool, hides, and ______ • Grew grapes, ______, wheat, and barley • Made ______ and olive oil

  6. Life by the Seas • Many settled by _____ because of fish and travel • Became a ______ culture • ______ from harbor to harbor • Sea allowed ______ with other Greek settlements • Exchanged ideas and _______ beliefs • Sea was _________ in winter • ________ was god of the sea, showed anger through rough waters • Sea connected the ________ with other cultures

  7. Exchange and Trade • Could produce food _______ • Population ______ • ________ jobs begins • Made ______ and olive oil • Greeks ________ wheat • _______ wine olive oil, pottery, and wood • ________ ideas with other cultures • Learned to make bronze from the ________

  8. 8-2 Early Civilization in Greece • What to know: How did people in the earliest civilizations of ancient Greece live? • Vocabulary • Peasant: A poor _______ • Cultural Borrowing: The process by which a ______ takes ideas from other __________

  9. Bard: A professional ________ who traveled from town to town, telling stories and singing songs about Greek ______, goddesses, and ________ • Legend: A _________ handed down from earlier times that explains the past • Epic: A long ______ • Myth: A story about how the actions of gods and goddesses affected the lives of ______ • Mythology: A collection of _________ passed down from generation to generation

  10. The Minoans • Minoans begin on the Island of _____ • Named for legendary King ______ • Greek Poet ______ described Crete as fertile and highly ________ • 2000 B.C. Minoans build ______ • Palaces were large and _______ like • The _______ was the center of government, religion, and _____ storage • Largest palace was at _________ in 1700 B.C. • It was three _______ and three stories high

  11. Minoan Life • They enjoyed _______, dancing, and music • Men and women had long ______ and gold jewelry • The _____ was very important to them • ___________ with Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other early Greeks • They ________ pottery, olive oil, wine, and wool for copper, tin, and gold. • Had a system of _______, but we don’t understand it • 1100 B.C. Minoan culture _______ • Earthquake, volcano, or ________ invasion may have led to end

  12. The Mycenaeans • Named for the city of Mycenae on the _______ • They were ________ • Spoke an early form of Greek ________ • Mycenaeans borrowed culture and ideas from _______ • Borrowed sailing, ______, and art styles • 1450 B.C. Mycenaeans _________ Crete • Mycenaeans control _________ and Crete until 1100 B.C. • 1100 B.C. Mycenaeans _________ by Dorians and fighting themselves

  13. Legends and Myths • Stories told by ______ were entertaining • Also _________ ideals, values, and beliefs • Some ________ may be based on actual events • 1200 B.C. Mycenaeans conquer _____ in Trojan War • 700 B.C. _______ writes two epics about Trojan War • _________ was story about Trojan war, Troy was actually attacked according to archeologists • __________ was story of Odysseus’ ten year return home from Trojan war • He fought a _________

  14. Myths were an important part of Greek _________ • _________ things in nature • Told of God’s ________ • Each god had __________ of specific parts of life and nature

  15. The Greek Dark Age • 1100 B.C. ______ age begins • Cities were ________ and trade stops • Mass ________ • People return to simple ______ life • Writing, pottery, and bronze techniques are _______ or forgotten during Dark Age • Legends and myths _______ • 750 B.C. the Dark Age begins to ______

  16. 8-3 Greek City-States • What to Know: How did the governments of Greek city-states change over time? • Vocabulary • Polis: A ______ city-state that connected a city and the farms, towns, and villages around it. • Acropolis: A ________ built on top of a large hill

  17. Agora: An open-air ______ where people gathered to trade and discuss the news of the day in ______ city-states • Oligarchy: ______ by few • Tyrant: A person who takes control of a _______ by force • Democracy: Rule by the _________ • Commerce: Large-scale ________

  18. Colony: A new _______ separated from but ruled by a homeland

  19. The Rise of City-States • 750 B.C. ________ of Athens, Sparta, Argos, and Corinth • Greek city-states were called a _____ • Polis is where we get the word _________ • All people were free _______ unless parents were foreign • Philosopher _______ believed it was natural for people to live in city-states • Most ________ had 5,000 people; Corinth had 10,000, Athens may have had 20,000

  20. Most city-states began on the base of hills with an ______ on the top • People would be _______ in the acropolis during attacks • Later the acropolis became a center of ______ • The ______ was located outside the acropolis • Agora was center of government and ______ • Mountains kept city-states _______ • Natural barriers meant no central __________ of all city-states

  21. New Ways of Governing • 750 B.C., groups of wealthy ________ rule city-states • Oligarchy • Controlled every part of _________: army, religion, economy, and laws • 600s B.C. individual oligarchs take power as ______ • Tyrants, in the beginning had support of _______ • Over time tyrants were seen as ______ leaders • 500 B.C. _______ over thrown • Some city-states, like Athens, move to ________ • Only free males over 18 could _____ in Athens

  22. Commerce and Colonies • 700 B.C. Greek city-states become part of _______ • _________ grain, wood, olive oil, wine, pottery, and iron weapons and tools • Iron tools led to a food ______ and greater populations • City-states started ______ in search of more resources like iron • Colonies become ______ but maintain contact with original city-state through religion and trade • 500 B.C. Greek _______ in Europe, northern Africa, and Asia Minor

  23. Greek Culture • Identified with _______ • All city-states ________ religion, history, language, writing, culture, and athletics • 700s B.C. Greek _______ developed • Based on ____________ alphabet • __________ based on single sounds like our language • Recorded business, laws, and government with _______ • Homer uses Greek _______ to write Iliad and Odyssey

  24. Believed Zeus and the gods _______ daily life • Went to ________ to get advice • _________ was most famous Oracle • Was temple of _______ • 776 B.C. ________ begin • Olympics included wrestling, javelin, discus, long jump, boxing, and ________ • Winners crowned with ______ wreath • Lasted for _______ years • Would stop ________ to compete

  25. A New Kind of Warfare • City-states often fought each other over _______despite common culture • Between 725 B.C. and 650 B.C. developed new organized _______ technique • All male _______ of a polis spent some time in the army • Your rank was determined by ________ • Cavalry, ________ (foot soldiers), archers and stone throwers • Armor was 70 pounds of ________ • Had to ______ for own weapons and armor

  26. Had _______ formation • Would stand shoulder to shoulder to form _______ wall • Archers, chariots, and cavalry provided _______ • During ________, wall formations would push up against each other • Method was used for _________ of years

  27. 8-4 Sparta and Athens • What to know: How were Sparta and Athens alike, and how were they different? • Vocabulary • Helot: A person ________by Sparta who became a slave • Assembly: A _________group

  28. Reform: A _____ • Majority Rule: A system in which every _________has one vote, and in which the person or idea that receives the most _____is chosen • Fable: A short _______that uses animal characters to teach a lesson • League: A group of ______

  29. Sparta’s Government • __________on Peloponnesus, but separated from other city-states • 600s B.C. most _________city-state • Used _______, state owned slaves, to do work • Helots outnumbered _______4 to 1 • To prevent ________, Spartans trained in war • Had two __________during times of war • Had ___________in times of peace • Oligarchy was a group of 30 male of __________who were 60 years old or more

  30. Spartan Life • Age 7 _______left home and trained in military barracks • _________combat, hardships, and to obey orders without question • At 18 began true ________training • Lived in ________until age 30 • Served as _______until 60 • __________trained physically • Had more _________than women in other city-states • Sparta had little ________with other city-states • Believed there was no greater ______than to die in battle

  31. New Ideas in Athens • Because of _____, Athens had many trading partners • 620 B.C. _____wrote first Athenian laws, but were harsh • 600 B.C. _____reforms Athens, frees slaves, and makes laws more fair • Toward Democracy • Solon based rights on _____not birth • Could change ________class by the amount of land or money you have

  32. All male _______were allowed to attend the assembly to make laws • Used _______Rule to pass laws • Had a council of _____that served 1 year terms • Members were selected at ______ • Solon’s _______begin democracy in Athens

  33. Life in Athens • _______was important • Children learned morals from ______written by Aesop • From 7-14 boys went to _______to study math, reading, writing, physical education, art, poetry, and music. • Past 14, wealthy children would have _______. • Most boys learned their father’s _______: blacksmith, potter, or carpenter • _______studied at home • Learned ________skills: cooking, sewing, and childcare • One third of Athenian population was _____ • Many ________were educated and could be doctors and teachers • Women and slaves could not _____

  34. Concerns About Persia • 539 B.C. King Cyrus II creates Persian Empire through ___________Mesopotamia and Babylon • Egypt is _______ • Darius I makes the _____its largest • Darius I divides empire into ______ • Built roads to link _______ • Persia conquers some ______colonies • 500s B.C. _______creates Peloponnesian League • First purpose was to defend against ________ • League is now for defending against _______

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