INSTRUMENT RATING Practical Test Standards What’s Different

1. 4E INSTRUMENT RATING Practical Test Standards What’s Different

2. Why We Are Here Effective January 2010 Download at faa.gov Presentation is not a complete synopsis of the instrument rating practical exam. We’re focusing on the differences between old PTS and new PTS.

3. Why the Change? Traditionally • Instructor teaches pilot how to fly procedures • Pilot reaches proficiency in tasks • Instructor recommends pilot for flight test • Flight test verifies proficiency in tasks • Examiner issues certificate

4. The New Objective • Instructor teaches pilot how to fly procedures • Pilot builds aeronautical decision-making skills • Pilot reaches proficiency with tasks • Pilot becomes proficient in aeronautical decision-making • Instructor recommends pilot for flight test • Flight test verifies proficiency in tasks • Flight test verifies aeronautical decision-making skills • Examiner issues certificate Pilots are prepared to make good decisions after certification.

5. Traditional vs. New The attempt is to build pilot skills AND sound judgment. Traditional New Judgment Proficiency Judgment Proficiency

6. Train Like You Fly We can’t teach judgment • But it can be learned Scenario-Based Training • Airlines: Line Oriented Flight Training • Military: “Fly like you fight” Teaching with scenarios gives practice in making decisions. Testing with scenarios demonstrates decision-making skills.

7. What the Examiner Does … “Plan of action”… a tool used in evaluating an applicant. … Required and optional TASKS selected by examiner. … Examiner will include a scenario. … Examiner interjects problems and emergencies which the applicant must manage. … Structured so that most of TASKS are accomplished within the scenario. PTS reference page 5

8. Not a separate task, but evaluated throughout the practical exam PTS Reference Page 7 Special Emphasis Areas 4D 4E NEW

9. Autopilot If installed … expected to use the autopilot … required to demonstrate during a non-precision approach. PTS reference Page 8

10. Aircraft and Equip for Practical Test Approaches during Practical Exam better defined • VOR LOC NDB GPS LDA SDF RNAV not LNAV/VNAV • ILS LPV In most general aviation aircraft used for training • LPV = Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance (requires WAAS) • A non-precision tested as a Precision • LNAV = Lateral Navigation • VNAV = Vertical Navigation • A non-precision, not approved during testing GPS must be certified and contain the current database. PTS Reference Page 7

11. If installed Must demonstrate proficiency GPS Don’t even try it. You can’t slide by with an INOP sticker! PTS Reference Page 9

12. Train and test each component individually. New PTS has standards for each 6 components of SRM Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) Risk Management (RM) Task Management (TA) Situational Awareness (SA) Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) Automation Management (AM) Single Pilot Resource Management

13. Aeronautical Decision Making PTS Reference Page 13 Perceive the circumstances for your flight. Process by evaluating their impact on flight safety. Perform by implementing the best course of action. Macho Invulnerability Resignation Anti-Authority Impulsivity

14. Risk Management Check out the FAA Risk Management Handbook, in stock now at Aero-Tech. Google FAA FITS to find reference online PTS Reference Page 14 • 4 Fundamental Risk Elements • Pilot • Aircraft • Environment • Operation Illness Medicine Stress Alcohol Fatigue Eat/Energy • 5P Model • Pilot • Plane • Plan • Profile • Passengers

15. Task Management PTS Reference Page 14

16. Situational Awareness PTS Reference Page 15 • Situation Awareness • Knowing the current situation and the future situation of the • Pilot • Plane • Plan • Programming • Passengers

17. Controlled Flight Into Terrain PTS Reference Page 15 The given reference is overwhelmingly huge. Instructors need to scale it down to “need to know” for your training environment. See Arlynn’s CFIT presentation.

18. Automation Management PTS Reference Page 16

19. Judgment Assessment Matrix SRM, not an individual task but evaluated in all tasks. Examiners are encouraged by the PTS to use this matrix during the flight portion of the exam. If any area is unacceptable then the practical exam is unsuccessful. PTS reference Appendix 3

20. Instrument Proficiency Check … The person giving the check should develop a scenario that incorporates as many required tasks as practical to assess the pilot’s ADM and risk management skills during the IPC.

21. Build These Tasks into your IPC Scenario IIIC Holding IVB Unusual Flight Attitudes VA Intercepting & Tracking VIA Non-precision Approaches VIB Precision Approaches VIC Missed Approach VID Circling Approach VIE Landing Straight In or Circling VIID Partial Panel VIII Instrument Cockpit Check PTS Reference Page 1-vii

22. New TASK PTS Reference Page 1-1

23. Cross Country Flight Planning PTS reference page 1-2

24. Cross Country Flight Planning Icing NEW • Good Training Stuff: • FAASafety.gov Search for Icing. • NASA Icing Training. (Google it) PTS reference page 1-2

25. Instruments and Nav Equipment PTS Reference Page 1-3 • Important to know About Your Autopilot for the FAA Instrument Practical Exam • Operations of • Modes of • Pre-Takeoff Check • Operating Limitations • Warning and Alerts NEW

26. Air Traffic Control Clearances SRM Throughout Consider using a written fill-in-the-blanks type sheet for IFR clearance reedbacks. PTS reference page 1-5

27. If the equipment is installed, • Know how to use it, and • Use it!

28. Non-Precision Approach Stabilized approach –now it’s specifically listed! SRM, it’s here, too! PTS reference page 1-10

29. What Makes an Approach “Stabilized” Achieved by/at/nearly-after the FAF and continued to touchdown: • Landing configuration • Approach airspeed for lowest possible category • Tracking within one dot on course • Appropriate power setting • Stable 500-700 FPM rate of descent (Non-precision) • On or within one-dot-above glideslope (Precision) • Only minor corrections This is the definition of Aero-Tech and is not a FAA or a PTS definition.

30. Revisions in IFR Training at Aero-Tech Flight Director • Aero-Tech training aircraft have been equipped: • Directs the climbs, descents, heading changes • Prescribes the control input to accomplish those maneuvers • Directs level offs • If the pilot does not make the needed corrections in a timely manner, it makes them automatically • You know it as The Flight Instructor • Must turn the Flight Director down one level

31. Aero-Tech’s Training Concepts Emphasis on the pilot’s • Planning and preparation for the flight • SRM during the flight • Using technology • Being the Pilot IN COMMAND (Being in control, in charge, making things happen the way he/she wants things to happen.) Remember to turn down the flight director

32. Training the Pilot to be PIC This is a sample lesson plan from one flight school and is not prescribed/required by the FAA or the new PTS.

33. Training in Real Conditions Confident, competent instrument pilots are not made in clear skies. Train in the clouds!

34. Keeping it Real The scenario outcomes are directed. … but pilot plans the specifics … just like in real life

35. Suggested Airports and IAPs Providing a list of suggested local airports will help everyone (pilots and instructors) get started.

36. Elements of Our New Lesson Plans 3 It’s difficult to grade the decisions that the pilot made, but the Decision Box provides a place for a written record and encourages discussion about decisions. 1 More emphasis placed on scenario planning and the pilot’s preparation for each flight. We now treat each lesson as if we were really going someplace with weather briefing, determining performance and verifying aircraft inspection status. 2 Also included in the content of each lesson is emphasis on each SRM component.

37. Summary Pilots/Applicants - Pick up copies of our new lesson plans Make sure you understand how you will be evaluated. Obtain your practical exam assignment early Give yourself plenty of time to prepare Instructors - Make sure you understand how to administer and evaluate IPCs.

38. Thank You • We realize that you have options in training providers. We work hard to make your learning easy. • We appreciate your business. Contact me with questions or suggestions for your training. Lexington, KY Arlynn McMahon, Chief Instructor arlynn@aerotech.net 859-254-8906 www.aerotech.net