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Protein: Amino Acids

Protein: Amino Acids. Amino Acids. Amino Acids. Nonessential amino acids a.k.a dispensable amino acids Essential amino acids a.k.a indispensable amino acids Conditionally essential amino acids. An Essential Amino Acid. Nonessential Amino Acids. Proteins. Peptide bond. Proteins.

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Protein: Amino Acids

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  1. Protein: Amino Acids © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  2. Amino Acids © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  3. Amino Acids • Nonessential amino acids • a.k.a dispensable amino acids • Essential amino acids • a.k.a indispensable amino acids • Conditionally essential amino acids © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  4. © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  5. An Essential Amino Acid © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  6. Nonessential Amino Acids © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  7. Proteins • Peptide bond © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  8. Proteins • Dipeptide © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  9. Proteins • Tripeptide © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  10. Proteins • Polypeptide © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  11. Proteins • Amino acid sequences © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  12. Protein shape and function © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  13. Proteins • Protein denaturation © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  14. Protein Digestion • Stomach • HCl • Pepsinogen  pepsin • Proenzyme © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  15. Protein Digestion • Small intestine • Proteases • Intestinal and pancreatic • Peptidases © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  16. © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  17. Protein Absorption • Carriers • Capillaries • Absorption misconceptions • Enzyme/amino acid supplements © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  18. Protein Synthesis • Delivering the instructions • DNA • mRNA © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  19. Protein Synthesis © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  20. Protein Synthesis © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  21. Protein Synthesis © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  22. Protein Synthesis • Sequencing errors © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  23. © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  24. Protein Synthesis • Nutrients and gene expression © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  25. Roles of Proteins • Building material • Growth • Maintenance © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  26. Roles of Proteins • Enzymes © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  27. Roles of Proteins • Hormones © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  28. Roles of Proteins • Regulation of fluid balance • Edema • Acid-base regulation • Acidosis • Alkalosis © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  29. Transport proteins © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  30. Roles of Proteins • Immunity • Antibodies • Antigens © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  31. Roles of Proteins • Source of energy • Other roles © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  32. Protein Metabolism • Protein turnover • Amino acid pool • Nitrogen balance • Positive nitrogen balance • Negative nitrogen balance © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  33. Protein Metabolism • Using amino acids to make proteins • Using amino acids to make nonessential amino acids © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  34. Protein Metabolism • Using amino acids to make other compounds • Neurotransmitters • Using amino acids for energy and glucose © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  35. Protein Metabolism • Deamination • Using amino acids to make fat © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  36. Protein Quality • High-quality proteins • Digestibility • Animal vs. plant • Amino acid composition • Limiting amino acid © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  37. Protein Quality • Reference protein • Complementary proteins © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  38. Protein Quality • PDCAAS • Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  39. Food Labels • Quantity of protein • Daily Value • 50 g protein • 10% of a 2000 kcal diet © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  40. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) • Acute PEM • Chronic PEM © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  41. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) • Marasmus • Kwashiorkor • Marasmus-kwashiorkor mix © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  42. © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  43. © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  44. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) • Infections • Dysentery • Rehabilitation © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  45. Health Effects • Heart disease • Cancer • Adult bone loss • osteoporosis © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  46. Health Effects • Weight control • Kidney disease © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  47. Recommended Intakes • RDA • 0.8 g/kg/day • 10% - 35% of energy intake © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

  48. Recommended Intakes • Adequate intake • Protein in abundance © 2006 Thomson-Wadsworth

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