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Introduction to Kinematics

Introduction to Kinematics. Mechanics. Mechanics is the study of motion. There are two main branches of Mechanics: Kinematics Dynamics. Kinematics. Kinematics is the branch of physics that deals with describing motion without making reference to the things that cause the motion. Dynamics.

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Introduction to Kinematics

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  1. Introduction to Kinematics

  2. Mechanics • Mechanics is the study of motion. • There are two main branches of Mechanics: • Kinematics • Dynamics

  3. Kinematics • Kinematics is the branch of physics that deals with describing motion without making reference to the things that cause the motion.

  4. Dynamics • Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with both the motion and the causes of the motion of an object.

  5. Quantitative vs Qualitative Observations • Qualitative Observations involve describing something using words and not number. • Examples: a tall man; a heavy man; a flexible, transparent, and red ruler. • Quantitative Observations involve describing things using measurements. • Examples: 125 kilograms, 199 centimetres, 9.6 seconds

  6. Quantitative Observations and Measurements • Quantitative Observations are more accurate than Qualitative Observations. • Measurements must have at least two parts. They must have a number and a unit. • Examples: 35 g, 56.25 mg • There are two different types of Quantitative Observations: Scalars and Vectors.

  7. Scalars • Scalars have only a magnitude and a unit but do not have a direction. • Examples: 75 kg, 42 pounds, 12 cm, 3300 Ohms.

  8. Vectors • Vectors are directed measurements. • Vectors include both a magnitude (size), a unit, and a direction. • Examples: 8.5 km [N], 13 m [down]

  9. Comparison of Vectors and Scalars

  10. SI Units of Measurement: Base Units

  11. SI Units of Measurement: Derived Units • By combining the seven base units, all other quantities can be measured. • For instance, volume can be measured in m³, speed can be measured using m/s, and force can be measured in kg·m/s².

  12. SI Units of Measurement: Prefixes

  13. Uniform Motion • Uniform Motion is motion at a constant speed in a straight line. • Uniform motion is motion that does not undergo any acceleration. • Uniform motion does not undergo a change in speed or change the direction of motion (it does not turn). • This is the easiest motion to study and can create an inertial reference frame.

  14. Formula for Uniform Motion

  15. Units for Velocity • The standard units for velocity are m/s. • km/h are also used for velocity. • Velocity must include a direction. The direction should be recorded in brackets; ie. [N 20° E]. • The direction may also be expressed as 20° East of North or North 20° East.

  16. Converting from km/h to m/s • The best way to convert from km/h to m/s is to make two separate conversions. • Change kilometres to metres and then convert hours to seconds.

  17. Uniform Motion Question • Find the speed if someone travels 50.0 km in two hours and 15 minutes. Leave your answer in both m/s and km/h.

  18. Final Answer • Therefore the speed required to travel 50.0km in 2 hours and 15 minutes is 22.2km/h which is also 6.17 m/s.

  19. Try Another Question • A man walks north at 3.0 km/h for 4 hours. • The man then speeds up and runs at 12.3km/h for 1.5 hours. • Find the total displacement. • Find the average velocity.

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