January 09

1. January 09 Photovoltaic Project AnalysisUsing RETScreen softwareCase study : 36 kWp installed in South of Spain, grid connected, fix structure http://www.retscreen.net/ Fernando Nuño European Copper Institute fng@eurocopper.org In cooperation with Infrysol http://www.infrysol.com/

2. Index • What a PV system consists on? • Fix Structure vs Tracking System • RETScreen Analysis • Required inputs • Computing • Results

3. What a PV system consists on? Photovoltaic cells connected into modules Modules grouped into panels, panels grouped into arrays Power conditioning unit (inverter) Transformer Grid Connection Pictures: Fernando Nuño

4. Fix Structure vs Tracking System No moving parts, lower maintenance, more reliable operation Average production in South of Spain : 1500 kWh/kWp Easy to install and operate Needs higher maintenance and suffers higher risk of unscheduled outages Average production in South of Spain : 2000 kWh/kWp (+30%) Needs more solid foundations and stiff structure : +1€/Wp Pictures: Fernando Nuño

5. Analysis with RETScreen – Required inputs • Technical characteristics • Nominal Power under Standard conditions Selected PV panels Investment Selected Inverters • Efficiency in operation Investment Transformer • Efficiency in operation Investment • Cabling, civil works, grid connection works, support structure / trackers Miscellaneous Investment • Owned : how much it cost? • Renting: annual fee? Land Investment • Recurrent costs: monitoring and security, tracker maintenance, land renting, insurances Operation Annual expenditure

6. Analysis with RETScreen – Required inputs Selected PV panels 1.94 m2 280 Wp Efficiency = 280 W / [1,94 m2 * 1000 W/m2] = 14.4% Picture: Suntech

7. Analysis with RETScreen – Required inputs Selected inverters 3.5 kW 95% eff Picture: Fronius

8. Analysis with RETScreen – Required inputs Site characteristics • Location Here Here

9. Analysis with RETScreen – Required inputs Site characteristics • Building orientation related to North/South and roof slope β α ε South Picture :

10. Analysis with RETScreen – Computing Project Information Grid connected or off-grid applications Two types of analysis : first approach or developed in depth

11. Analysis with RETScreen – Computing Site reference conditions Large choice of locations around the world Provides irradiation, temperature and wind data per month

12. Analysis with RETScreen – Computing Two types of analysis : 1) first approach or 2) developed in depth Type of PV system Fixed, 1 axis track, 2 axis track

13. Analysis with RETScreen – Computing Computing slope and azimut • Slope = arctan [tan2(α) + tan2(β)]0,5 • Azimut = ε + arctan [tan(α) / tan(β)] β α ε South Picture :

14. Analysis with RETScreen – Results Estimated Electricity Export to grid Exported Electricity Feed-in tariff applicable in Spain up to Sept 2008

15. Analysis with RETScreen – Results Actual vs Estimated Export May was particularly cloudy and rainy -2%

16. Analysis with RETScreen – Results Number of panels Introduce the power to install and the panel efficiency Obtain the number of panels and the solar collector area

17. Cost breakdown 4,5 €/W 6,1 €/W

18. Cost breakdown

19. Analysis with RETScreen – Results Financial analysis Inputs Outupts Output: Cumulative Cash Flow

20. Analysis with RETScreen – Results Reference power generation technology CO2 emission analysis Obtain Net annual emission reduction

21. Analysis with RETScreen – Two axis track Two axis track 33.6 kW

22. Thank you! SOFTWARE CASE STUDIES by: http://www.infrysol.com/ http://www.retscreen.net/

23. Anex – Slope and Azimut calculations Find γ such that δγ/δε = 0 (maximum slope) β ε α η=90º-ε β α ε South Picture :

24. Anex – Slope and Azimut calculations

25. Anex – Slope and Azimut calculations

26. Anex – Slope and Azimut calculations Find γ such that δγ/δε = 0 (maximum slope)

27. Anex – Slope and Azimut calculations

28. Annex – Available surface on roof Where α is the lowest sun height (21 december in North hemisphere) Where β is the slope