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the use of the Delphi technique in an MSc project. tim lewis. structure. background methods results discussion conclusion. background. MSc critical care research topic - personal interest quantitative vs qualitative? (when in Rome?) initial proposal back to the drawing board.
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structure • background • methods • results • discussion • conclusion
background • MSc critical care • research topic - personal interest • quantitative vs qualitative? • (when in Rome?) • initial proposal • back to the drawing board
constraints • time! • resources • personnel? • funds? • media? • subjects? • ethical approval?
which methods? • observational? • questionnaire survey? • semi structured interview study? • focus groups? • Delphi???
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Delphi technique • origin and uses • process overview • mixed method • panel of experts/stakeholders • pooling of knowledge • consensus vs breadth of opinion? • anonymity
the journey begins … • proposal • panel • structure/cues • timescale • validity • reliability • pilot
results - recruitment & retention • 3 parents, 3 nurses and 6 medics agreed to participate • 2 parents, 1 nurse and 6 medics participated in round 1 • 1 parent and 5 medics participated in round 2 • 1 parent and 4 medics participated in final round • medics from all 3 hospitals participated in all rounds
results – thematic analysis • 34 themes identified from responses • grouped into 17 categories including: • needs of parents • follow up care • relationships with PICU • clinical management • distress caused by treatments • deskilling of staff
discussion - problems… • recruitment & retention • numbers • disciplines • participant ‘observer’ (+/-) • agendas (+/-)
discussion - positives • ease of use? • nvivo • value of findings? • disinhibiting? • cathartic? • validity of findings? • educational value?
summary and conclusions • the Delphi technique • is a valuable approach to gathering qualitative data and also facilitating discussion among stakeholders • combines elements of questionnaire surveys and focus groups • need not be resource intensive • is suitable for novice researchers
references & bibliography Boehncke, W.H., Brasie, R.A., Barker, J. et al. 2006. Recommendations for the use of etanercept in psoriasis: a European dermatology expert group consensus. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology.20(8):988-98. Bowling, A. 2002. Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Greenhalgh, T. 2001. How to read a paper. London: BMJ Publishing Group Haines, C. 2005. Parents; experiences of living through their child’s suffering from and surviving severe meningococcal disease. Nursing in Critical Care; 10(2): 78-89. Jeffery, D., Ley, A., Bennun, I. and McLaren, S. 2000. Delphi survey of opinion on interventions, service principles and service organisation for severe mental illness and substance misuse problems. Journal of Mental Health; 9(4):371-384. Last, L. and Fulbrook, P. (2003) Why do student nurses leave? Suggestions from a Delphi study. Nurse Education Today; 23:449-458 McGory, M.L. Shekelle, P.G. and Ko, C.Y. 2006. Development of quality indicators for patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 98(22):1623-33. Parahoo, K. 1997. Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Pekkala E., Saranto K., Tallberg M. et al 2006. A controlled nursing vocabulary for indexing and information retrieval. Studies in Health Technology & Informatics; 122:981. Rukanuddin, R J. 2006. Development of standardized Midwifery Nursing-Reproductive Health Data Set (MN-RHDs) for Pakistan. Studies in Health Technology & Informatics.122:461-4. .