Effect of flame weeding at different time intervals before crop emergence

2. Effect of flame weeding at different time intervals before crop emergence

3. Project: Effective weed management in row-grown organic vegetables Participatory research The experiments were designed and analysed etc. after a discussion with: farmers, advisers and researchers The experiments were performed on 3 different farms

4. Participatory research Exchange of experience between farmers, advisers and researchers. Participatory research gives more solutions and faster changes. Present issues are in focus which gives a greater engagement. Participatory research involves a holistic approach to solve problems. The hole group is responsible to ask questions, analyse and participate.

5. Emergence Time Flame weeding Falseseedbed Seedbed preparation False seedbed Sowing Delayedsowing Weed management system

6. Organic grow carrots

8. Experimental plan Experimental treatments, flame weeding: • 2 days before (beginning) emergency • 1 day before emergency • 0 day at emergency • 2 days after emergency • Untreated control (unflamed)

9. Picture 31 May, 2&1 days before flaming

10. Picture 31 May, 1&5 days before flaming

11. Assessment 20 June, a few days before hand weeding

12. Unflamed control

13. Flame weeding 2 days before beginning emergency

14. Flame weeding 1 day before beginning emergency

15. 0 day at beginning of emergency

16. 2 days after beginning emergency

18. Hand weeding 29 days after drilling, no. carrots at the time of flaming

19. One day postponed flaming resulted in; 10 % increased weed control effect, 10-15 h per hectare reduced need for hand weeding.

21. Weed number a few days before hand weeding Assessment 26 June

22. Weed number a few days before hand weeding If flaming before crop emergence was delayed by; 3 days, the amount of weeds at the time of hand weeding was reduced by half. 2 days, the amount of weeds at the time of hand weeding was decreased by one-third.