Introduction to Medical Terminology

1. 1 Introduction to Medical Terminology

2. Learning Outcomes • Describe the fundamental elements that are used to build medical words. • List three guidelines for building and spelling medical words. • Explain the use of abbreviations when writing and documenting data.

3. Learning Outcomes • Analyze, build, spell, and pronounce medical words. • Identify and define selected abbreviations. • Describe selected medical and surgical specialties, giving the scope of practice and the physician’s title.

4. Learning Outcomes • Define HIPAA. • List and describe the general components of a patient’s medical record. • List and describe the four parts of the SOAP Chart Note record.

5. Comprehension of Fundamental Word Structure Medical terminology is the study of terms that are used in the art and science of medicine. Because of advances in scientific computerized technology, many new terms are coined daily; however, most of these terms are composed of word parts that have their origins in ancient Greek or Latin.

6. Fundamentals of Word Structure The fundamental elements in medical terminology are the component parts used to build medical words. The abbreviations used for component parts in this text are Pforprefix, Rforroot, CFforcombining form, andSforsuffix.

7. Prefix • Prefix means to fix before or to fix to the beginning of a word. • A prefix can be a syllable or a group of syllables placed at the beginning of a word to alter or modify the meaning of the word or to create a new word.

8. Word Root • A root is a word or word element from which other words are formed. • It is the foundation of the word and conveys the central meaning of the word. • It forms the base to which prefixes and suffixes are attached for word modification.

9. Combining Form • A combining form is a word root to which a vowel has been added to link the root to the suffix or to another root. • The vowel o is used more often than any other to make combining forms.

10. Suffix • Suffix means to fasten on, beneath, or under. • A suffix can be a syllable or group of syllables united with or placed at the end of a word to alter or modify the meaning of the word or to create a new word.

11. Principles of Component Parts • As you learn definitions for prefixes, roots, combining forms, and suffixes, you will discover that some component parts have the same meanings as others, which can be traced to differences in the Greek or Latin words from which they originated.

12. Principles of Component Parts • Most of the terms for the body's organs originated from Latin words, whereas terms describing diseases that affect these organs have their origins in Greek.

13. Identification of Medical Words • You will learn to distinguish among and select the appropriate component parts for the meaning of the word.

14. Spelling • Medical words of Greek origin are often difficult to spell because many begin with a silent letter or have a silent letter within the word. • Correct spelling is extremely important in medical terminology because the addition or omission of a single letter can change the meaning of the word.

15. Spelling

16. Spelling

17. Spelling

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19. Spelling

20. Spelling • Follow these guidelines for building and spelling medical words: • If the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the combining vowel from the combining form and add the suffix. • If the suffix begins with a consonant, keep the combining vowel and add the suffix to the combining form. • Keep the combining vowel between two or more roots in a term.

21. Formation of Plural Endings • To change the following singular endings to plural endings, substitute the plural endings as illustrated:

22. Formation of Plural Endings • To change the following singular endings to plural endings, substitute the plural endings as illustrated:

23. Formation of Plural Endings • To change the following singular endings to plural endings, substitute the plural endings as illustrated:

24. Use of Abbreviations • An abbreviation is a process of shortening a word or phrase into appropriate letters. • It is used as a form of communication in writing and documenting data. • If there is any question about which abbreviation to use, it is best to spell out the word or phrase and not use an abbreviation.

25. Pronunciation • A single accent mark (') is called a primary accent and is used with the syllable that has the strongest stress. • A double accent mark (") is called a secondary accent and is given to syllables that are stressed less than primary syllables.

26. Pronunciation • Diacritics are marks placed over or under vowels to indicate the long or short sound of the vowel. • Macron ( ¯ ) – the long sound of the vowel. • Breve ( ˘ ) – the short sound of the vowel. • Schwa ( ə ) – indicates the uncolored, central vowel sound of most unstressed syllables.

27. Audio Pronunciations • Abate • Abnormal • Abscess • Acute • Adhesion

28. Audio Pronunciations • Afferent • Ambulatory • Antidote • Antipyretic

29. Audio Pronunciations • Antiseptic • Antitussive • Apathy • Asepsis

30. Audio Pronunciations • Autoclave • Autonomy • Axillary • Biopsy • Cachexia

31. Audio Pronunciations • Centigrade • Centimeter • Centrifuge • Chemotherapy • Chronic

32. Audio Pronunciations • Diagnosis • Diaphoresis • Disease • Disinfectant

33. Audio Pronunciations • Efferent • Empathy • Epidemic • Etiology

34. Audio Pronunciations • Excision • Febrile • Gram • Heterogeneous • Illness

35. Audio Pronunciations • Incision • Kilogram • Liter • Macroscopic • Malaise

36. Audio Pronunciations • Malformation • Malignant • Maximal • Microgram

37. Audio Pronunciations • Microorganism • Microscope • Milligram • Milliliter

38. Audio Pronunciations • Minimal • Multiform • Necrosis • Neopathy • Oncology

39. Audio Pronunciations • Pallor • Palmar • Paracentesis • Prognosis

40. Audio Pronunciations • Prophylactic • Pyrogenic • Radiology • Rapport • Syndrome

41. Audio Pronunciations • Thermometer • Topography • Triage

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44. Table 1.1 (continued) Selected Medical and Surgical Specialties

45. Table 1.1 (continued) Selected Medical and Surgical Specialties

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47. Table 1.1 (continued) Selected Medical and Surgical Specialties

48. Table 1.1 (continued) Selected Medical and Surgical Specialties

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