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HIV Basics

HIV Basics. What is HIV?. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Two Strains HIV-1 HIV-2 Kills special blood cells that help fight off infections CD4+ Virus that can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS. Final stage of infection by the HIV virus Defined by the number for CD4+ cells

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HIV Basics

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  1. HIV Basics

  2. What is HIV? • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Two Strains • HIV-1 • HIV-2 • Kills special blood cells that help fight off infections • CD4+ • Virus that can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

  3. AIDS • Final stage of infection by the HIV virus • Defined by the number for CD4+ cells • Absolute count < 200 cells/mL or • If CD4+ cells < 14% total lymphocytes OR • Hallmark infections • Examples: Kaposi’s sarcoma, pneumocystis pneumonia

  4. NOT TRANSMITTED BY: • Air or water. • Insects, including mosquitoes. • CDC studies say no • Saliva, tears, or sweat. • There is no documented case of HIV being transmitted by spitting. • Casual contact like shaking hands or sharing dishes. • Closed-mouth or “social” kissing.

  5. Living with HIV/AIDS Worldwide: 34 million

  6. Living with HIV/AIDS Worldwide: 34 million US-1.1 million people

  7. Living with HIV/AIDS Worldwide: 34 million US-1.1 million people Washington~ 11,000

  8. Living with HIV/AIDS Worldwide: 34 million US-1.1 million people Washington~ 11,000 Clark County 456

  9. Is spread by: • Sex • Not all sex has the same risk • Exposure to an infected persons blood • Sharing needles & works • Mom to Baby • Pregancy, birth, & breastfeeding

  10. WHAT IF:

  11. History • Where did HIV come from? • Monkeys • Most likely from hunting & handling the meat • US Patient Zero Theory • Rumor/unfounded • Patient zero was a flight attendant who got AIDS by having sex with a monkey in Africa • Likely part of a group of highly sexually active men who participated in spreading the disease

  12. Citation:Auerbach,.D.Darrow W, Jaffe, H.Curran, J. Cluster of cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine Volume 76, Issue 3 , Pages 487-492

  13. Trends in Annual Age-Adjusted* Rate of Death Due to HIV Infection by Sex, United States, 1987−2009 Note: For comparison with data for 1999 and later years, data for 1987−1998 were modified to account for ICD-10 rules instead of ICD-9 rules. *Standard: age distribution of 2000 US population

  14. Why Stigma At the Beginning • Gay Related Immune Deficiency (GRID) • Gay Cancer • Initially untreatable and transmission method unknown

  15. Who gets HIV now? • Bring up CDC slide

  16. HIV infections by risk group • http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/incidence.htm

  17. Why Stigma Now? • Promiscuous • Drug users • People who make bad decisions and their partners • Race

  18. HIV infections • The new infection rate among blacks/African americans was 7.9 times higher than whites. • 50% of these infections are MSM • Fastest increasing group is black females • The new infection rates in Latino/Latinas was 3 times higher • ~70% of these infections are MSM

  19. US AIDS Spread Map http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/slides/dot/index.htm

  20. Is the risk of contracting HIV with all sexual encounters equal?

  21. Spread & Risk • Not using a condom when having sex with a person who has HIV. All unprotected sex with someone who has HIV contains some risk. However: • Unprotected anal sex is riskier than unprotected vaginal sex. • Among men who have sex with other men, unprotected receptive anal sex is riskier than unprotected insertive anal sex.

  22. Spread & Risk • Unprotected oral sex can also be a risk for HIV transmission, but it is a much lower risk than anal or vaginal sex.

  23. Sex Risk Hierarchy • Unprotected Receptive Anal Sex>Unprotected Insertive Anal Sex • Unprotected Insertive Anal Sex> Unprotected Vaginal Sex • Unprotected Vaginal Sex> Unprotected Oral Sex

  24. Spread & Risk • IDU Sharing • Needles • Syringes • Rinse water, • “Works” other equipment used to prepare illicit drugs for injection.

  25. CDC, 2002 report

  26. Spread & Risk • Multiple sex partners or the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can increase the risk of infection during sex.

  27. Spread & Risk • Being born to an infected mother—HIV can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding.

  28. Detection of HIV • HIV is detectable in body • 2 weeks to 6 months after infection • In US 25 days average

  29. Testing • Primary Testing • Antibody Test • Rapid Oral Swab • Oral Swab • Blood • Confirmatory Testing • Western Blot • Separates proteins

  30. HIV Testing and Counseling • Trained Professionals • This class does NOT prepare you to do this

  31. So what is your responsibility? • Brief Risk Intervention • Endangering Behaviors Reporting

  32. Endangering Behaviors • Knowingly exposing other to HIV through behaviors • Sex • Sharing injection drug works, needles

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