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Immigration and the Growth of Buenos Aires The Formation of Modern Political Parties

Immigration and the Growth of Buenos Aires The Formation of Modern Political Parties. The Formation of Modern Political Parties. The origins of the Partido Autonomista Nacional (PAN) Group of provincial leaders determined to wrest control of Buenos Aires from Bartolomé Mitre

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Immigration and the Growth of Buenos Aires The Formation of Modern Political Parties

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  1. Immigration and the Growth of Buenos AiresThe Formation of Modern Political Parties

  2. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • The origins of the Partido Autonomista Nacional (PAN) • Group of provincial leaders determined to wrest control of Buenos Aires from Bartolomé Mitre • First organized at Córdoba Exposition in Liga de Gobernadores (Governors’ League) • Elected Nicolás Avellaneda (1874-1880) from Tucumán; Julio Roca (1880-1886); 1898-1904) from Tucumán; Miguel Juárez Celman (1886-1890) from Córdoba

  3. Nicolas Avellaneda

  4. Miguel Juárez Celman

  5. Carlos Pellegrini

  6. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • The origins of the Partido Autonomista Nacional (PAN) • Governed Argentina during “Belle Époque” and took credit for accomplishments, such as • Rapid economic development • Expansion of literacy • The beautification of Buenos Aires • development of agriculture and cattle industry • Federalized Buenos Aires in 1880 • Ended the Indian Wars with Campaign of the Desert

  7. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • The origins of the Partido Autonomista Nacional (PAN) • Negative aspects of PAN rule (UNICATO) • Limited political participation due to corruption and refusal to grant citizenship to foreigners – no secret ballot • High rates of inflation because government printed money • Refused to allow opponents to win elections or participate in wealth (used federal intervention and cronyism) • Led to financial crash and revolution in 1890

  8. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • Challenges to the PAN – Juventud Cívica and Unión Cívica (after 1890) • Began to form in 1889 in response to corruption and intervention • Rooted in same oligarchy that created PAN • Sons of oligarchs led by Francisco Barroetaveña • Oligarchs left out of favor: Leandro Alem, Juan B. Justo, Aristóbulo del Valle, Bartolomé Mitre, Bernardo Irigoyen, HipólitoYrigoyen, Marcelo T. Alvear, Lisandro de la Torre • Strong support in Buenos Aires and some elites in interior

  9. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • Challenges to the PAN – Juventud Cívica and Unión Cívica (after 1890) • Basic goals: end corruption, administrative honesty, provincial autonomy • Triggered Revolution of 1890 – removed Juárez Celman, but were left with VP, Carlos Pelligrini • Party split in 1890 over who to run for President • Mitre and Roca made private agreement to stay out of elections in 1891 (El Acuerdo) • Led to the Unión Cívica Radical

  10. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • Unión Cívica Radical • Evolved into a middle class party supported by bureaucrats and urban dwellers in Bs. As. and interior • Initially chose revolutions 1893, 1905 • Finally decided to abstain from voting (intransigence) until the Sáenz Peña Laws passed to ensure secret ballot (1911-1912) • Leader of party, Hipólito Yrigoyen, won the presidency in 1916 • Party disagreed with PAN only about political reforms • Did not have different economic outlook

  11. Hipólito Yrigoyen

  12. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • Unión Cívica Radical • Spawned new political parties as Yrigoyen refused to share power with other politicians • After 1893, group that opposed revolution dropped out • 1894 Juan B. Justo founded the Socialist Party and LeandroAlem committed suicide • 1897 Lisandro de la Torre founded Partido Demócrata Progresista (PDP) based in Santa Fe • By 1898 party was so fragmented that it mostly existed in Bs. As., but now Yrigoyen worked with second generation immigrants

  13. Juan B. Justo

  14. Lisandro de la Torre

  15. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • Unión Cívica Radical • Roque Sáenz Peña had originally been a member of Unión Cívica • Was chosen to run for President in 1891, but PAN ran his father as candidate and Roque pulled out • Eventually became member of PAN, but still believed in political reform • Led reform efforts, thinking PAN would benefit from them • Sáenz Peña Laws • Permanent voter registration (also for military service) • Secret, obligatory male vote • Incomplete list (guaranteed minority representation on basis of 2/3-1/3 division

  16. Saenz Peña Father and Son

  17. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • Immigrant response to Argentine political parties • Felt excluded because of nationality and class • Labor problems dealt with by police • Many immigrants already had experience organizing politically and continued to organize in Argentina • Anarchism – belief that government corrupts, and that the individual can achieve the most without fetters of religion and government • Organized workers to strike and commit acts of violence • Published newspapers to inform the working class • Syndicalists – believed most efficacious form of political organization was related to workers’ issues – trade unionists

  18. The Formation of Modern Political Parties • Government response to workers’ uprisings • Ley de Residencia, 1902 • Ley de Defensa Social, 1910

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