UNIT 3

1. UNIT 3 THE WORLD WAR I ERA

2. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and effects of World War I. • Objective 4.2: What steps led the U.S. entering the war in 1917? • THEME:At the beginning of the 20th century, a terrible war begins in Europe that will claim over 8 million lives. After staying neutral for a few years, the United States declared war to support its allies and felt the effects of warfare.

3. America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 19: The World War I Era (1914–1920) Section 1: The Road to War Section 2: The United States Declares War Section 3: Americans on the European Front Section 4: Americans on the Home Front Section 5: Global Peacemaker

4. Presidents of the United States • #21 - … • Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) • Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) • William McKinley; Republican (1896) • Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) • William Howard Taft; Republican (1909) • #28 - Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1913) George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

5. As World War I began and then spread to much of Europe, the United States tried to remain neutral as long as possible. Chapter 19 SECTION 2 – The united states declares war

7. German Submarine Warfare • To break a stalemate at sea, Germany began to employ U-boats, short for Unterseeboot, the German word for submarine. • U-boats, traveling under water, could sink British supply ships with no warning. • When the British cut the transatlantic cable, which connected Germany and the United States, only news with a pro-Allied bias was able to reach America. • American public opinion was therefore swayed against Germany’s U-boat tactics.

8. U-Boats • By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied ships.

9. The Lusitania and the Sussex Pledge The Sinking of the Lusitania • On May 7,1915, a German U-boat sank the British passenger liner Lusitania, which had been carrying both passengers and weapons for the Allies. • Since 128 American passengers had been on board, the sinking of the Lusitania brought the United States closer to involvement in the war. The Sussex Pledge • More Americans were killed when Germany sank the Sussex, a French passenger steamship, on March 24,1916. • In what came to be known as the Sussex pledge, the German government promised that U-boats would warn ships before attacking, a promise it had made and broken before.

10. Lusitania ad

11. Lusitania

12. The lusitania • History.com video • http://www.history.com/videos/u-boats-sink-the-lusitania-in-1915

13. Moving Toward War Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • On January 31, 1917, Germany announced its intent to end the Sussex pledge and return to unrestricted submarine warfare. • This action caused the United States to break off diplomatic relations with Germany. • Despite this announcement, the German navy did not attack any American ships in February, causing the United States to continue to hope for peace. The Zimmermann Note • During this time, Britain revealed an intercepted telegram to the government of Mexico from Germany’s foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann. • In this telegram, known as the Zimmermann note, Germany offered to return American lands to Mexico if Mexico declared war on the United States.

14. zimmerman cartoon

15. The War Resolution • When the Russian Revolution replaced Russia’s autocratic czar with a republican government in March 1917, the United States no longer needed to be concerned about allying itself with an autocratic nation. • This removed one more stumbling block to an American declaration of war. • As Germany continued to sink American ships in March (Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia), President Wilson declared that “the world must be safe for democracy.” • On April 6, 1917, the President signed Congress’s war resolution, officially bringing the United States into the war.

16. Steps to war • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • The Lusitania • The Sussex Pledge • Zimmerman Note • Russian Revolution • 3 U.S. ships sunk • WAR DECLARED APRIL 6, 1917

17. The United States Declares War—Assessment What was the significance of the Lusitania? (A) Its sinking brought America closer to entering the war. (B) The weapons it carried helped Britain gain an advantage. (C) Its crew delivered the Zimmermann note. (D) It inspired the Sussex pledge. Why did the Russian Revolution help bring America into the war? (A) It helped the German navy sink British ships. (B) It caused the deaths of many Americans. (C) It set up a republican government in Russia, an Allied nation. (D) It promised American lands to Mexico in exchange for an invasion.

18. The United States Declares War—Assessment What was the significance of the Lusitania? (A) Its sinking brought America closer to entering the war. (B) The weapons it carried helped Britain gain an advantage. (C) Its crew delivered the Zimmermann note. (D) It inspired the Sussex pledge. Why did the Russian Revolution help bring America into the war? (A) It helped the German navy sink British ships. (B) It caused the deaths of many Americans. (C) It set up a republican government in Russia, an Allied nation. (D) It promised American lands to Mexico in exchange for an invasion.