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Intelligence

This article discusses factor analysis, Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, Sternberg's three intelligences, and cognitive theories of intelligence. It also explores the question of whether intelligence is one thing or multiple abilities.

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Intelligence

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  1. Intelligence What makes us intelligent Or Not so intelligent Stolen from www.appsychology.com

  2. Intelligence questions (10 nc) • What is factor analysis? • Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences? • Sternberg’s 3 intelligences? • Emotional intelligence? • Stanford-Binet (IQ) test? • Aptitude vs. Achievement test? • What are qualities of a good test? • What is the Flynn effect? • Gender/social differences in intelligence? • Forms of mental retardation?

  3. Intelligence • The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. • Is socially constructed thus… Can be culturally specific. According to this definition, are both Einstein and Ruth intelligent?

  4. Is intelligence one thing or several different abilities? • To find out scientists use FACTOR ANALYSIS: A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test. • Charles Spearman used FA to discovery his g or (general intelligence). He saw using FA that doing well in one area of a test predicted that you will do well in another.

  5. Spearman’s “g factor” refers to a. generation factors b. general abilities c. Gardner’s ideas d. group factor

  6. 5. Which of the following best describes Charles Spearman’s g of intelligence? a. There are many factors that determine intelligence, but genetics is the most important one. b. The internal validity of an intelligence test is g. c. A general intelligence that underlies success on a wide variety of tasks is g. d. Giftedness is determined by both innate ability to perform and experiences one has in life. e. The g is measured by the speed with which one can process information.

  7. Multiple Intelligences • Howard Gardner disagreed with Spearman’s g and instead came up with the concept of multiple intelligences. • He came up with the idea by studying savants (a condition where a person has limited mental ability but is exceptional in one area).

  8. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences? • Visual/Spatial • Verbal/Linguistic • Logical/Mathematical • Bodily/Kinesthetic • Musical/Rhythmic • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Natural Learn More about Gardner

  9. The acronym RSVP originally came from the French term Répondez s’il vous plaît – True or False? true

  10. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

  11. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic • Often measured on IQ tests with reading comprehension and vocabulary tests Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

  12. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic • Often measured on IQ tests with analogies, math problems and logic problems Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

  13. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic • Ability to form mental images of objects and think about their relationships in space Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

  14. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic • Ability to perceive and create patterns of rhythms and pitches Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

  15. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic • Ability for controlled movement and coordination Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

  16. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic • Ability to understand other people’s emotions, motives and actions Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

  17. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic • Ability to know oneself and to develop a sense of identity Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

  18. 1. Rearrange the following letters to make a word and choose the category in which it fits. • RAPETEKA • A. cityB. fruitC. birdD. vegetable • Correct answer: bird (parakeet) • 2. Find the answer that best completes the analogy • people : democracy :: wealthy : • A. oligarchyB. oligopolyC. plutocracyD. timocracyE. autocracy • Correct answer: plutocracy

  19. Which does not belong?

  20. Logic • 2. The day before the day before yesterday is three days after Saturday. What day is it today? • A. MondayB. TuesdayC. WednesdayD. ThursdayE. Friday

  21. 1. At the end of a banquet 10 people shake hands with each other. How many handshakes will there be in total?A. 100B. 20C. 45D. 50E. 90

  22. Gardner’s Three New Intelligences • Naturalistic intelligence • Spiritual intelligence • Existential intelligence

  23. Sternberg’s Three Aspects of Intelligence Gardner Simplified • Analytical (academic problem solving). • Creative (generating novel ideas) • Practical (street smarts)

  24. Cognitive Theories of Intelligence • Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory • Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

  25. 15. A school curriculum built on Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence would provide a. neuromuscular training because such skills underlie general intelligence b. training in logic, rhetoric, philosophy and math to strengthen the g factor in intelligence c. emphasis on creative, artistic abilities rather than the traditional emphasis on cognitive abilities d. a diverse curriculum with education skills not traditionally associated with IQ

  26. When a person of limited intelligence shows exceptional abilities in art, music, mental arithmetic, or calendar calculations, it is called a. genius b. giftedness c. discalcula d. savant syndrome

  27. Emotional Intelligence (EQ) • First called social intelligence. • The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions. • Some studies show EQ to be a greater predictor for future success than IQ

  28. Goleman and his EQ • Emotional Intelligence • Interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences. • Maybe EQ is a better predictor for future success than IQ.

  29. Brain Size and IntelligenceIs there a link? • Small +.15 correlation between head size and intelligence scores (relative to body size). • Using an MRI we found +.44 correlation with brain size and IQ score.

  30. Brain Function and Intelligence • Higher performing brains use less glucose than lower performing brains. • Neurological speed is also a bit quicker. Have more gray matter.

  31. How do we Assess Intelligence? • Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon set out to figure out a concept called a mental age (what a person of a particular age should know). • They discovered that by discovering someone’s mental age they can predict future performance. • Hoped they could use test to help children, not label them.

  32. A 8 year old has a mental age of 10, what is her IQ? A 12 year old has the mental age of 9, what is his IQ? A boy has the mental age of 10 and an IQ of 200, how old is he? Used Binet’s research to construct the modern day IQ test called the Stanford-Binet Test. IQ=Mental age/Chronological age X 100. Terman (from Stanford Univ) and his IQ Test

  33. 7. Freddie is a 10-year-old boy with a mental age of 12. according to the scoring of the Stanford-Binet test, Freddie’s intelligence quotient score is a. 12 b. 83 c. 95 d. 120

  34. The Normal Curve and Stanford-Binet IQ Scores IQs less than 70 = mental retardation. More than 130 = gifted Fig. 8.1

  35. Problems with the IQ Formula • It does not really work well on adults, why? If a 60 year old man does as well as an average 30 year old then his IQ would be 50!!!!!! That makes no sense!!!!!

  36. Wechsler Tests • More common way to give IQ tests….does not use the formula but uses the same scoring system. • WAIS • WISC • WPPSI

  37. Modern Tests of Mental Abilities • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) consists of 11 subtests and cues us in to strengths by using….. Factor Analysis

  38. The Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale a. was specifically designed for adults b. provides separate scores for performance intelligence and verbal intelligence c. is completely culturally fair, in that children around the world score similarily d. assumes that intellectual ability improves as a child ages

  39. The distribution of IQ scores a. is approximately normal or bell-shaped b. shows that most score between 80 and 100 c. reveals a difference in the average for men and women d. falls off abruptly above 100

  40. Aptitude A test designed to predict a person’s future performance. The ability for that person to learn. Achievement A test designed to assess what a person has learned. Aptitude v. Achievement Tests

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