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Introduction to Corrections

Explore the current landscape of corrections, including supervision statistics, punishment philosophies, and criminological theories, while delving into correctional programs and the financial implications of housing offenders. Discover the evolving practices and challenges within the correctional system.

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Introduction to Corrections

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  1. Introduction to Corrections Chapter One

  2. Corrections Today • 6.7 million adults under supervision (2002)

  3. Percentage of sentenced offenders under each type of supervision

  4. Prisoners in Federal & State Prisons/Jails

  5. Corrections Defined • “includes all government agencies, facilities, programs, personnel, and techniques concerned with the intake, custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment, or pre-sentencing or pre-disposition investigation of alleged or adjudicated adult offenders, delinquents, or status offenders.”

  6. Current Trends • Increasing numbers of adults in correctional programs

  7. Current Trends • Expected to go to prison during their lifetime (if current rates do not change): • Women: numbers have increased 42 percent (vs. 27% for men) between 1995 and 2002

  8. Punishment Philosophies

  9. Retribution The belief that punishment must retaliate for a harm or wrong to another.

  10. Deterrence • Certain and severe punishment can discourage future crime by the offender and by others.

  11. Rehabilitation • Providing psychological or education assistance or job training to offenders makes them less likely to engage in future criminality.

  12. Incapacitation Separating offenders from the community to reduce the opportunity for further crime while they are incarcerated.

  13. Other philosophies • Isolation: • Reintegration: • Restitution: • Restoration:

  14. The Outlook • Current Mood: punish, punish, punish • Policymakers/Politicians:

  15. The Outlook

  16. The Costs of Housing annual cost per person

  17. The Costs of Construction cost per bed

  18. Criminological Theories • A quick recap

  19. Criminological Theory • Biological: • IQ: • Psychological:

  20. Criminological Theory • Rational Choice: • Social disorganization: • Differential Association (Shaw & McKay):

  21. Criminological Theory • Social control: • Anomie/Strain:

  22. Correctional Programs

  23. Correctional Programs • Community-based programs • Intermediate Sanction programs

  24. Correctional Programs • Institutional-placement programs

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