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Five Senses

Five Senses. What is the input? Where is it first received? How does it get to its primary cortex?. Vision. What is the input? Light Where is it first received? Photoreceptors in the retina Rods and cones How does it get to primary visual cortex (V1)?

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Five Senses

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  1. Five Senses • What is the input? • Where is it first received? • How does it get to its primary cortex?

  2. Vision • What is the input? • Light • Where is it first received? • Photoreceptors in the retina • Rods and cones • How does it get to primary visual cortex (V1)? • Bipolar cells  ganglion cells  optic nerve (splits visual field information at optic chiasm)  lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus (90%)  V1 • Superior colliculus and pulvinar (10%) do not project to V1 • Important for eye movements and attention

  3. Vision

  4. Olfactory Communication • Non-human animals use olfaction for communication • Pheromones • Do humans?

  5. Zhou and Chen (2008) • Collected sweat from heterosexual males • Neutral sweat • While watching educational documentary • Sexual sweat • While watching heterosexual pornography

  6. Zhou and Chen (2008)

  7. Zhou and Chen (2008) • Collected sweat from heterosexual males • Neutral sweat • While watching educational documentary • Sexual sweat • While watching heterosexual pornography • Heterosexual female subjects smelled sweat and putative sex pheromone (PSP) while fMRI data was collected

  8. Zhou and Chen (2008)

  9. Zhou and Chen (2008) • Collected sweat from heterosexual males • Neutral sweat • While watching educational documentary • Sexual sweat • While watching heterosexual pornography • Heterosexual female subjects smelled sweat and putative sex pheromone (PSP) while fMRI data was collected • After fMRI, described different smells

  10. Zhou and Chen (2008) • Did not provide different verbal descriptions of sexual and neutral sweat

  11. Right Orbitofrontal Cortex TR (2 s)

  12. Right Fusiform Cortex TR (2 s)

  13. Zhou and Chen (2008) • Did not provide different verbal descriptions of sexual and neutral sweat • Right orbitofrontal cortex (secondary olfactory cortex) and right fusiform cortex discriminated between smells • Brain distinguished smells even though subjects were not aware of a difference • Subliminal olfactory communication in humans (??)

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