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CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SPERM MORPHOLOGY

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SPERM MORPHOLOGY

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CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SPERM MORPHOLOGY

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  1. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SPERM MORPHOLOGY (Case Study) Company Name: Home Of Dissertations Website: https://www.dissertationhomework.com Contact Number: +44 7842798340 CONNECTNOW

  2. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SPERM MORPHOLOGY Introduction Sperm morphology refers to the size and shape of the sperm. The shape of the head of the sperm is particularly important in that it affects the ability of the sperm in fertilizing the egg (Menkveld et al, 2010). Assessment, therefore, determines morphology ranges, which indicate the percentage of normal size sperm. In vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm infection (IVF/ICSI)are procedures that can be undergone in cases of abnormal spermatozoa morphology. An exhibition of abnormal strict morphology in normal forms of 0% in couples with infertility is usually the criterion used to proceed to IVF (Kovac et al, 2017). The human sperm possess miniscule and diverse ranges referenced to what is considered normal. In the standard normal scale, at least 14% morphology is considered normal; 10- 14% has good fertility potential; 5-10% is low fertility; and below 5% is potentially poor fertility (WHO, 2015) Sperm morphology Sperm morphology assessment has been one of the most common clinical tests for fertility evaluation for over 30 years (Gatimel et al, 2017). The following is what is acknowledged as normal sperm morphology: Head: Oval shape, 4-5 um in length and 2.5-3 um width Mid section: <1 um width, 1 ½ times the head length Tail: 45 um length approximate, thinner than the mid piece Sperm morphology is good as it has been one of the parameters traditionally considered to be directly associated with male fertility. The difficulty, however, that arises in this assessment is recognizing the ‘potentially fertilizing’ spermatozoa; which is typical, normal or perfect (Cooper, 2016). Only 1 in 7 couples in the UK undergo infertility despite the standard low reference values recorded by clinics, 40-50% of these cases account for male infertility (Barratt et al, 2010). Methods Design- Systematic literature review Literature search was conducted using the following key words: sperm morphology, IVF, clinical significance Search was conducted in some of the verified clinical databases such as PubMed and NCBI Literature used in the analysis of semen analysis and the clinical impact of sperm morphology. The NASA- ESHRE and WHO guidelines provide for how to perform semen analyses and to present the findings of sperm morphology assessment. Hoven et al (2015) describe the strict criteria to sperm assessment Results Picture referenced (Patel et al, 2018) Discussion and Conclusion The smooth head contour of the normal sperm reduces resistance while swimming; the normal tail emits pulsating beats which efficiently propels the cell up the canal and towards the egg; this is the basis of the increased likelihood of a normal sperm to fertilize an egg. It is however difficult to standardize morphological assessment; since its subjective in nature. (Criticism) Normal functionality is not necessarily implied by normal morphology (Menkveld, 2010). In the measurement of testicular stress and reproductive health, sperm morphology assessment tool may be a more sensitive tool. On motility, vitality and concentration measures obtained in sperm analysis, it is clear that the chances of infertility in males increases as the motility and concentration levels decrease; just as can be seen in normal morphology (Patel et al, 2018). Contemporary lab settings recording very low percentages of normal morphological spermatozoa, it is necessary to make further refinement on morphology as a tool for clinical diagnosis of a patient and prognostic tool for male fertility prediction (Menkveld et al, 2010). Sperm morphology analysis cold be projecting tool used to measure for men in couples who need the help of IVF to become fertile. References Barrat, C., Mansell, S., Beaton, C., Tardif, S., Oxenham, S. (2010) Diagnostic tools in male infertility- the question of sperm dysfunction. Asian Journal of Andrology Cooper, T. (2015) Looking forward to human sperm morphology. Human Reproduction Gatimel, N., Moreau, J., Parinaud, J., Leandri, R. (2017) Sperm morphology: assessment, pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and state of the art in 2017. Volume 5, Andrology Hoven, L., Hendriks, J., Verbeet, J., Westphal, J., Wetzels, A. (2015) Status of sperm morphology assessment: an evaluation of methodology and clinical value. VOL 103, Issue 1 Kovac, J., Smith, R., Cajipe, M., Lamb, D., Lipshultz, L. (2017) Men with a complete absence of normal sperm morphology exhibit high rates of success without assisted reproduction. Asian J Androl Menkveld, R. (2010) Clinical significance of the low normal sperm morphology value as proposed in the fifth edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. Asian J Androl Menkveld, R., Holleboom, C., Rhemrev, J. (2010) Measurement and significance of sperm morphology. Asian J Androl Patel, A., Leong, J., Ramasamy, R. (2018) Prediction of male infertility by the World Health Organization laboratory manual for assessment of semen analysis: a systematic review. Arab Journal of Urology World Health Organization (2010) WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 5th Edn. World Health organization Press; Geneva

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