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Fundamentals of Biochemistry

Donald Winslow St. Gregory's University 21 January 2014. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. Biochemistry. Chemistry of carbon Organic compounds Monomers & polymers Types of organic molecules in cells Diversity of shapes Hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis. Chemistry of carbon.

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Fundamentals of Biochemistry

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  1. Donald Winslow St. Gregory's University 21 January 2014 Fundamentals of Biochemistry

  2. Biochemistry • Chemistry of carbon • Organic compounds • Monomers & polymers • Types of organic molecules in cells • Diversity of shapes • Hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis

  3. Chemistry of carbon Methane (CH4) Drawn with Jmol

  4. Organic compounds • An organic compound is a compound containing carbon. • Don't confuse with “organic” in “organic agriculture”. • Pesticides are organic compounds • “Organic” means no synthetic pesticides

  5. Monomers and polymers • What is a monomer? • What is a polymer?

  6. Monomers and polymers • What is a monomer? • A small, unitary molecule • What is a polymer? • A large molecule built of monomers • Often a chain of monomers Alanine, an amino acid Drawn with Jmol Glycine and alanine can form a peptide bond, resulting in a dipeptide molecule. Many amino acids can link together to form a polypeptide, which can fold into a protein. Drawn with Jmol

  7. What are the four main categories of organic compounds found in cells?

  8. What are the four main categories of organic compounds found in cells? • Lipids • Carbohydrates • Amino acids & proteins • Nucleic acids

  9. Diversity of molecular shapes Transfer RNA

  10. Hydrolysis & dehydration synthesis Hydrolysis Splits polymer into smaller molecules, using a water molecule. Dehydration synthesis Builds polymer from two smaller molecules, releasing water.

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