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UNIT 3 THE BOOKS OF HISTORY: The Preparation for Christ

UNIT 3 THE BOOKS OF HISTORY: The Preparation for Christ. SECTION 10 Introduction to the Books of History. A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY. A. The Period of the Patriarchs (Gen. 12-50) – c. 2000 to 1875 B.C. Period begins with Abraham entering the Promised Land.

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UNIT 3 THE BOOKS OF HISTORY: The Preparation for Christ

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  1. UNIT 3 THE BOOKS OF HISTORY:The Preparation for Christ

  2. SECTION 10 Introduction to the Books of History

  3. A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY A. The Period of the Patriarchs (Gen. 12-50) – c. 2000 to 1875 B.C. • Period begins with Abraham entering the Promised Land. • Covers the lives of Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob’s entire family who entered Egypt. • After 400 years of slavery, God raised up Moses in about 1450 B.C.

  4. A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY B. The Period of the Theocracy (Exod. – Ruth) – 1445 to 1043 B.C. • Theocracy is a nation ruled by God. • After the Exodus, Israel became a theocracy at Mt. Sinai. • God ruled directly over Israel by way of His law and prophetic spokesmen. • Began with Moses and ended with Samuel.

  5. A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY C. The Period of the Monarchy (I Sam.–II Chron.) – 1043 to 586 B.C. • Israel wanted a king like other nations. • God gave in to their demands. • Israel achieved greatness through its first three kings: Saul, David, and Solomon. • After Solomon’s death, Israel split into two kingdoms: Israel (10 northern tribes) and Judah (2 southern tribes).

  6. A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY • After disobedience to God, Israel was taken captive by the Assyrians (722 B.C.) and Judah by the Babylonians (605 B.C.). D. The Period of Exile (no historical books) – 605 to 536 B.C. • 70 years long (Jer. 25:11). • Babylonian captivity ended with the fall of Babylon to the Medo-Persians (539 B.C.)

  7. A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY • King Cyrus permitted the Israelites to return in 536 B.C. E. The Period of Restoration (Ezra–Esther) – 536 to 420 B.C. • In 536 B.C., the priest Zerubbabel led nearly 50,000 Jews back to Israel to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem. • In 458 B.C., the priest Ezra returned with less than 2,000.

  8. A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY • In 536 B.C., Nehemiah undertook the reconstruction of Jerusalem • Israel would never be ruled by a king again. • When their King did come, some 400 years later, He was rejected and crucified.

  9. A BIOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY • Period of the Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph • Period of the Theocracy: Moses, Joshua, Gideon, Samson, Samuel • Period of the Monarchy: Saul, David, Solomon, and a few notables from Judah (Joash, Hezekiah, and Josiah) Prophets: Elijah, Elisha, Isaiah, Jeremiah before the exile

  10. A BIOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY • Period of the Exile: Prophets: Ezekiel and Daniel during the exile • Period of Restoration Ezra and Nehemiah

  11. A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY Period of the Patriarchs Genesis JobPeriod of the Theocracy Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges & Ruth

  12. A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY Period of the Monarchy I Samuel (I Chronicles) II Samuel (I Chronicles)Psalms I Kings (2 Chronicles)Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon II Kings (2 Chronicles)Most of the writing of the prophets

  13. A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF ISRAEL’S HISTORY The Period of ExileLamentations Ezekiel DanielThe Period of Restoration Ezra Esther fits in between Ezra 6 and 7 Nehemiah Haggai Zechariah Malachi

  14. Match each Book of the Law with its theme: 1. Genesis the election of the nation 2. Exodus the redemption of nation 3. Leviticus the sanctification of the nation 4. Numbers the direction of the nation 5. Deuteronomy the instruction of the nation 6. Joshua the possession of the nation

  15. The Possession of the Nation Joshua Who wrote Joshua? Joshua Reasons: 1. The use of the first person plural “we” (Josh. 5:1,6). 2. Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God” (Josh. 24:26).

  16. When was Joshua written? • Written by about 1380 B.C. at the conclusion of the conquest of Canaan and just prior to Joshua’s death. To whom was Joshua written? • Written to the victorious Israelites who were settling the promised land.

  17. Where were they located? • Reuben, Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle on the east side of the Jordan. • The rest of the tribes on the west side. Why was Joshua written? Historical Purpose: • Reveals how God brought the holy nation into the Holy Land in fulfillment of His promises to the patriarchs.

  18. Doctrinal Purpose: • Shows God’s faithfulness to His people. • The victorious life must be lived by faith in God. • Although God’s gifts are free, we must struggle by faith to take hold of our possessions. Christological Purpose: • Joshua means “Jesus” or “savior”

  19. The role of Joshua as captain of his people and the one who leads them into their possessions foreshadows Christ. • Christ is portrayed in the person of the “commander of the army of the Lord” (Josh. 5:14). • Christ is the inheritance of the saints (cf. 1:14).

  20. What is the book of Joshua about? I. ENTERING THE PROMISED LAND (1-5a). A. The Preparation of the People (1-3a) • Joshua told the people to “be strong and courageous.” • Inward preparation: Obedience to the Law (Josh. 1:8). • Outward preparation: Send out two spies to look over the land/inhabitants were afraid of the Israelites (Josh. 2:24).

  21. Final preparation was to move onward behind the ark, the symbol of God’s presence. B. The Passage of the People (3b-4) • Jordan River dried up for their passage. • Joshua set up stones as a memorial to this monumental event. C. The Purification of the People (5a) • Circumcision was give by God to Abraham as a sign of the covenant.

  22. Joshua renewed this act of purification by circumcising the new generation. II. CONQUERING THE PROMISED LAND (5b-12). A. The Revelation of the Victory – The Lord is in the Camp (5a) • Israel’s victory would come from God as they obeyed His orders. B. The Realization of the Victory – No sin in the Camp (6-11)

  23. Israel’s basic strategy for victory was to divide and conquer the land of Palestine. • Begin with the weaker nations in the south and then move to the more difficult nations in the north. • Victory (Jericho) and defeat (Ai) were vital lessons for spiritual success. C. The Record of the Victory – Triumph in the Camp (12) • Joshua reviewed Israel’s success.

  24. While Israel took the whole land (11:23) there were areas they had not subdued. III. POSSESSING THE PROMISED LAND (13-24). • Israel conquered the land but needed to possess the land by faith (13:1). A. Distribution of the Land (13-21) • The tribes of Israel were given their portion of land by the casting of lots. • The Levites were given land around the cities of refuge throughout the land.

  25. B. The Dispute About the Altar (22) • The tribes located on the east side of the Jordan established their own altar. • The dispute was settled when it was understood that the altar would be used as a witness and not for sacrificing. • Central worship would still be held at the Tabernacle located at Shiloh. C. Discourse and Death of Joshua (23-24)

  26. Joshua gave two discourses: – Discourse 1: Joshua charged Israel to remember to keep the law of God (23). – Discourse 2: Joshua reminded Israel that the land was a gift from God, therefore it was their responsibility to serve the Lord (24).

  27. d

  28. The Oppression of the Nation Judges, Ruth Stark contrast between Joshua and Judges: 1. Israel moved from victory to defeat, from freedom to bondage, and from progress to decline. 2. In Joshua, Israel was in possession of the land but in Judges they were oppressed by the people of the land. 3. Israel’s faith had faded into faithlessness.

  29. Who wrote Judges and Ruth? Samuel Reasons: 1. The books were composed after the death of Joshua and the elders who outlived him (Judg. 2:7). 2. They were composed after the days of judges (Judg. 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25). 3. The person who best fits into the time period and who exercised prophetic leadership in the early monarchy was Samuel the prophet.

  30. When were Judges and Ruth written? • Written after 1043 B.C., when Saul was crowned king, and just before 1004 B.C.when David captured Jerusalem. To whom were Judges and Ruth written? • To Israel, under the newly established monarchy. • Reminded them how thankful they should be under David’s kingdom and not under the anarchy conditions (Judg. 21:25).

  31. Where were they located? • Most of the land was still occupied by Israel. • Much of the land went into the hands of the Philistines and the Amalekites. Why were Judges and Ruth written? Historical Purpose of Judges: • Records the history of the cycles of Israel’s decline, oppression and deliverance from Joshua to the monarchy.

  32. Doctrinal Purpose of Judges: • Disobedience or even incomplete obedience to God brings oppression and bondage. • Reveals that God responds in deliverance to the repentance and prayers of His oppressed people. Christological Purpose of Judges: • Each judge served as a spiritual and political deliverer. They represent the role Christ has as the Savior-King of His people.

  33. Historical Purpose of Ruth: • Supplies an important link in the ancestry of King David and shows how the birth of David into the messianic and monarchical line was providentially guided by God. Doctrinal Purpose of Ruth: • Demonstrates the function of the law concerning the Kinsman Redeemer (Deut. 25:5). • Shows the divine origin of the kingdom of David.

  34. Christological Purpose of Ruth: • Shows how Christ, or Kinsman Redeemer, purchases us for Himself. • Illustrates the grace of God as Ruth the Gentile is brought into the line of messianic blessing (Mt 1:5).

  35. What are the books of Judges and Ruth about? • The book of Judges describes three kinds of Judges: - the warrior judge – Gideon, Samson - the priest judge – Eli - the prophet judge – Samuel • This is a portrayal of Jesus as Prophet, Priest and Warrior (King) I. THE REASON FOR JUDGES - APOSTASY (1-3a) A. The Backward Look to Israel’s Sin (1-2a)

  36. “…did not drive out the people.”(1:21, 27, 29, 30) Incomplete victories led to defeat. B. The Forward Look to Israel’s Slavery (2b-3a) • The people sinned (2:11), leading to slavery to foreign people (2:14). • They cried out for deliverance (2:18) and God provided salvation (2:16). II. THE RULE OF THE JUDGES – LOYALTY (3b-16) • Judges were needed because of Israel’s disloyalty to God their King.

  37. Israel’s failure to be a true theocracy led to their defeat • Cycle 1: – Oppression by Mesopotamia (8 years) – Deliverance by Othniel (40 years) • Cycle 2: – Oppression by Moab, Ammon, and Amalek (18 years) – Deliverance by Ehud and Shamgar (80 years)

  38. Cycle 3: – Oppression by Canaan (20 years) – Deliverance by Deborah (40 years) • Cycle 4: – Oppression by Midian (7 years) – Deliverance by Gideon (80 years) • Cycle 5: – Oppression by Abimelech (3 years) – Deliverance by Tola and Jair (45 years)

  39. Cycle 6: – Oppression by Ammon (18 years) – Deliverance by Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (31 years) • Cycle 7: – Oppression by Philistines (40 years) – Deliverance by Samson (20 years) II. THE RUIN OF THE JUDGES – ANARCHY (Judg. 17-21; Ruth 1-4) • Even the judges’ temporary rule of loyalty gave way to anarchy (Judg. 21:25)

  40. A. Naomi and Her Family Experience Tragedy (1:1-22) • Naomi flees Bethlehem in famine only to find tragedy in Moab. • Ruth decides to return to Bethlehem with Naomi. • Naomi expresses her bitterness (1:19-20). B. Ruth Meets Boaz, Naomi’s Kinsman (ch. 2) • Ruth meets Boaz who treats her with kindness.

  41. Naomi identifies Boaz as one of her kinsman redeemers. C. Naomi Instructs Ruth To Go To Boaz (ch. 3) • Naomi instructs Ruth on how to get Boaz to redeem her. • Boaz offers to redeem Ruth. B. Ruth Is Redeemed and Naomi Is Restored (ch. 4) • Boaz acquires the right of redemption.

  42. Boaz redeems Ruth and a son is born restoring Naomi to fullness.

  43. Themes from the Books of the Law: Genesis the election of the nation Exodus the redemption of nation Leviticus the sanctification of the nation Numbers the direction of the nation Deuteronomy the instruction of the nation Joshua the possession of the nation Judges, Ruth the oppression of the nation

  44. Themes from the Books of the Law: 1 Samuel the stabilization of the nation 2 Samuel the expansion of the nation 1 Kings 1-11 the glorification of the nation 1 Kings 12-22 the division of nation 2 Kings 1-17 the deterioration of the Northern Tribes 2 Kings 18-25 the deportation of the Southern Tribes

  45. Themes from the Books of the Law: 1 Chronicles the preparation of the Temple 2 Chronicles the destruction of the Temple Ezra the reconstruction of the Temple Nehemiah the reconstruction of City Esther the protection of the People

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