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Optimizing Manure Management for Sustainable Agriculture

Explore manure characteristics, volumes estimation methods, nutrient estimation techniques, and additional waste volumes in agricultural practices. Learn how to characterize manure and its qualitative, odor, quantitative, physical, chemical, and biological properties. Understand the impact of different farm systems, feeding types, and waste management strategies on manure production. Discover ways to estimate manure volume, nutrient content, and utilize additives to enhance its properties. Improve waste handling efficiency and sustainability in agriculture with practical methods and considerations.

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Optimizing Manure Management for Sustainable Agriculture

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  1. Waste Characteristics and Volumes Manure and Wastewater Storage and Handling Robert Spajić, PhD University of J.J. Strossmayer Osijek – Croatia, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Animal Husbandry

  2. To be discussed: • Manure Characteristics • Manure Volume Estimation Methods • Manure Nutrient Estimation Methods • Additional Waste Volumes

  3. Manure Characteristics • How would you characterize manure? • Qualitative • Odor • Quantitative • Physical Properties • Chemical Properties • Biological Properties

  4. Manure Characteristics • Book Values • IPPC – IE Directive – Europe • NRCS – USA • On-farm testing / database

  5. Manure Characteristics Source: BREF IPPC Directive – European Commission , Agrokor Company

  6. The Magical Animal Unit • An animal unit is 500 kg of any type of animal (Europe) and 1000 lbs (USA) • One 650 kg dairy cow: 1.3 AU • One 110 kg pig: 0.22 AU • One 2,5 kg chicken: 0.005 AU • Calculation # of animals* animal weight (kg) 500 kg/AU

  7. Manure Volume Estimation • Manure volume production ranges IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

  8. Manure Production and Characteristics – last modifictions base on: • New developments • Genotype • Feeding practices (ie. split sex) • Diet modification (ie. phytase) • Nutrient management planning needs • Existing literature developed prior to these changes

  9. Manure Production and Characteristics • Work groups develop excretion model based on dietary inputs • Total Solids • Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Diet based equations for calculated manure characteristics

  10. Type of the farm system • Farm system with fully slatted floor • (new facilities – not with agreement with • animal welfare) • Farm system with half slatted floor • (new facilities – in agreement with • animal welfare) • Farm system with full flour • Farm system wit bedding • (sawdust, wood shavings, straw, sand, outdoor)

  11. Type of the farm system • Type of the barn system will strongly influent • on manure volumes and composition • Water supply (drinking, washing) • will strongly affect manure composition • Feeding types such as • - dry feeding system • - liquid feeding system • - semi dry feeding system

  12. Additional Waste Volumes • Wasted Feed • Increase solids and nutrients content by 4% for every 1% feed waste over 5% • Wash Water • Washing Facilitie (each room – all in all out system) • Washing Trucks • Liquid feeding systems – phase feeding • Flush Water • Recycled water

  13. Moisture Content • Total Solids (TS) • All solids in manure (sample dried @ 105º C) • Volatile Solids (VS) • Organic solids (combust @ 600º C) • Water Content (Wwater = Wmanure – WTS)

  14. Relative Consistency MWPS 18-2 • Manure is stored and handled • Type of animal • Animal housing • Manure collection • Manure treatment • Manure application

  15. Manure Nutrient Estimation • Manure Testing • Preferred Method • REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE • Book Values • ASAE D384.2 • MWPS 18-1 • NRCS Chapter 4 AWMFH • IPPC – IE Directive

  16. Manure Nutrient Estimation • Swine manure additives will change the structure - additives to reduce emissions - additives to reduce odorous - additives to change physical properties of the manure - additives to increase the fertilizing value - additives for stabilizing pathogens and microorganisms

  17. Type of manure aditives • Masking ad neutralizing agents • Adsorbers • Urease inhibitors • pH regulators • Oxidising agents • Flocculants • Disifectants and antimicrobials • Biological agents

  18. Some of the aspects on N and P • Important to remember • – input through the feed – allows us to calculate the gross • production of N and P in manure • 15% loses of N during storage, treatment and spreading IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

  19. Some of the aspects on N and P • Important factors for the level of excretion of N and P: - N and P concetration in feed - animal production type - level of animal production

  20. Some of the aspects on N and P • Average composition of manure – focused on N, P, K, Mg, Na IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

  21. Conclusion • Book Values • Questions on estimating volume and nutrient content? • On-Farm Testing • Develop a database • Write all the influences through the year - More samples - more accuracy

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