C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)

1. C.W. ShelmerdineIntroduction to Greek 2nd edition(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 34

2. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • εἶμι,‘go’ • ἵημι • Temporal clauses withἕως,μέχρι and ἔστε • Temporal clauses with πρίν

3. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • εἶμι,‘go’ • ἵημι • Temporal clauses withἕως,μέχρι and ἔστε • Temporal clauses with πρίν

4. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. εἶμι,‘go’ • The verb εἶμι“go” serves as the imperfect and future indicative, plus the present subjunctive and optative of ἔρχομαι“come, go” • It is another –μι verb. It has the simple stem ι–. • Because this stem is so short, it can be easily overlooked and the forms confused with εἰμί “be.”

5. εἰμί “be” εἰμί εἶ ἐστί(ν) ἐσμέν ἐστέ εἰσί(ν) εἶμι“go” εἶμι εἶ εἶσι(ν) ἴμεν ἴτε ἴασι(ν) Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Present Tense stem =εσ Present Tense stem =ι

6. εἰμί “be” ἦ/ἦν ἦσθα ἦν ἦμεν ἦτε ἦσαν εἶμι“go” ᾖα/ᾔειν ᾔεισθα/ᾔεις ᾔειν/ᾔει ᾖμεν ᾖτε ᾖσαν/ᾔεσαν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Imperfect Tense stem =ε(σ) Imperfect Tense stem =ει

7. εἰμί “be” ὦ ἦς ἦ ἦμεν ἦτε ὦσιν εἶμι“go” ἴω ἴης ἴη ἴημεν ἴητε ἴωσιν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Subjunctive Mood

8. εἰμί “be” εἴην εἴης εἴη εἶμεν εἶτε εἶεν εἶμι“go” ἴοιμι ἴοις ἴοι ἴοιμεν ἴοιτε ἴοιεν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Optative Mood

9. εἰμί “be” imperatives ἴσθι, ἔστε ἔστω, ἔστων/ὄντων infinitive εἶναι participle ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν εἶμι“go” imperatives ἴθι, ἴτε ἴτω, ἰόντων infinitive ἰέναι participle ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Other moods

10. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. εἶμι,‘go’ • In Moodle is posted a .pdf which lays out the system of many Greek verbs of coming and going across the tenses and moods.

11. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • εἶμι,‘go’ • ἵημι • Temporal clauses withἕως,μέχρι and ἔστε • Temporal clauses with πρίν

12. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 2. ἵημι • In this chapter, you are learning the verb ἵημι “throw” • This verb is athematic only in the present, imperfect, and aorist tenses. In every other tense, it is completely regular. • It is similar to τίθημι, with the vowel ε/ηshift.

13. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 2. ἵημι • ἵημι“throw” has the stem ἵη/ἵε • Its principal parts are: • ἵημι, ἥσω, ἧκα, εἷκα, εἷμαι, εἵθην

14. ACTIVE singular ἵημι ἵης ἵησι plural ἵεμεν ἵετε ἱᾶσι MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular ἵεμαι ἵεσαι ἵεται plural ἱέμεθα ἵεσθε ἵενται Shelmerdine Chapter 34 η forε present tense stem = ἱε

15. ACTIVE singular ἵην ἵεις ἵει plural ἵεμεν ἵετε ἵεσαν MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular ἱέμην ἵεσο ἵετο plural ἱέμεθα ἵεσθε ἵεντο Shelmerdine Chapter 34 η/ει forε imperfect tense stem = ἱε

16. ACTIVE singular ἧκα ἧκας ἧκε plural εἷμεν εἷτε εἷσαν MIDDLE singular εἵμην εἷο εἷτο plural εἵμεθα εἷσθε εἷντο Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ηκ for ει aorist tense stem = εἱ

17. ACTIVE present ἱέναι aorist εἷναι MIDDLE present ἵεσθαι aorist ἕσθαι Shelmerdine Chapter 34 infinitives

18. ACTIVE present ἱείς ἱεῖσα ἱέν aorist εἵς εἷσα ἕν MIDDLE present ἱέμενος -η -ον aorist ἕμενος -η -ον Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Participles All forms after the nominativeare regular

19. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 2. ἵημι • Ιn the imperative mood, ἵημιis mostly regular. • In the present active, the stem is ἱε- and the 2nd person singular ending –ε contracts (ἵει). • In the aorist active, the stem is ἑ- and the 2nd person singular form is ἕς.

20. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • εἶμι,‘go’ • ἵημι • Temporal clauses withἕως,μέχρι and ἔστε • Temporal clauses with πρίν

21. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 3. Temporal clauses withἕως,μέχρι and ἔστε • In speaking of a definite temporal correlation, usually in the past, the conjunctions ἕως,μέχρι andἔστε mean “until,” “as long as,” “while” etc., setting up another indicative verb. • ἐμείναμεν ἕως ἦλθον. • “We waited until they came.” • ἐμείναμεν μέχρι οἱ βάρβαροι παρῆσαν. • “We waited as long as (while) the foreigners were present.”

22. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 3. Temporal clauses withἕως,μέχρι and ἔστε • Referring to a future time, after a primary tense main verb, the conjunctions ἕως,μέχρι andἔστε mean “until,” setting up a subjunctive verb (accompanied by ἄν). • μενοῦμεν ἕως ἂν οἱ βάρβαροι ἀπέρχωνται. • “We will wait until the foreigners go away

23. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 3. Temporal clauses withἕως,μέχρι and ἔστε • In an unreal or uncertain context, after a secondary tense main verb, the conjunctions ἕως,μέχρι andἔστε mean “in anticipation” of an event, setting up an optative verb (without ἄν), as is usual following the sequence of tenses. • ἐμείνομεν ἕως οἱ βάρβαροι ἀπέρχοιντο. • “We waited expecting that the foreigners would go away.

24. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • εἶμι,‘go’ • ἵημι • Temporal clauses withἕως,μέχρι and ἔστε • Temporal clauses with πρίν

25. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 4. Temporal clauses withπρίν • With a negative main clause, especially the imperfect, the conjunction πρίνmeans “until,” setting up an indicative verb for an actual event or a subjunctive verb (accompanied by ἄν)for a theoretical one. • οὐκ ἐλίπομεν πρὶν ἦλθον. • “We did not leave untilthey came.” • indicative with a real event • οὔποτε λείπομεν πρὶν ἂν ἔλθωσιν. • “We never leave untilthey come.” • subjunctive with a general situation

26. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 4. Temporal clauses withπρίν • The conjunction πρίνmeans “before” when it sets up an infinitive verb, mostly with a positive main clause. • ἦλθον πρὶνἡμᾶς λιπεῖν. • “They came before we left.”

27. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 for next class (Tuesday, May 3, 2011): • Quiz: Fill in the blank on indicative verb endings on “Master List of Endings” • “Socrates’ Defense Speech”

28. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ἴσως οὖν ἄν τις εἴποι· Σιγῶν δὲ καὶ ἡσυχίαν ἄγων, ὦ Σώκρατες, οὐχ οἷός τ' ἔσει ἀπιέναι καὶ ζῆν ἐν ἄλλῃ τινὶ χώρᾳ; τοῦτο δή ἐστι πάντων χαλεπώτατον πεῖσαί τινας ὑμῶν. ἐὰν μὲν γὰρ λέγω ὅτι τῷ θεῷ ἀπειθεῖν τοῦτ' ἔστι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀδύνατον ἡσυχίαν ἄγειν, οὐ πείσεσθέ μοι·

29. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ἴσως οὖν ἄν τις εἴποι· Σιγῶν δὲ καὶ ἡσυχίαν ἄγων, ὦ Σώκρατες, οὐχ οἷός τ' ἔσει ἀπιέναι καὶ ζῆν ἐν ἄλλῃ τινὶ χώρᾳ; τοῦτο δή ἐστι πάντων χαλεπώτατον πεῖσαί τινας ὑμῶν. ἐὰν μὲν γὰρ λέγω ὅτι τῷ θεῷ ἀπειθεῖν τοῦτ' ἔστι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀδύνατον ἡσυχίαν ἄγειν, οὐ πείσεσθέ μοι·

30. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ἐὰν δὲ λέγω ὅτι τοῦτο τυγχάνει μέγιστον ἀγαθὸν ὂν ἀνθρώπῳ, ἑκάστης ἡμέρας περὶ ἀρετῆς διαλέγεσθαι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων περὶ ὧν ὑμεῖς ἐμοῦ ἀκούετε διαλεγομένου, ὁ δ' ἀνεξέταστος βίος οὐ βιωτὸς ἀνθρώπῳ, ταῦτα δ' ἔτι ἧττον πείσεσθέ μοι λέγοντι.

31. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ἐὰν δὲ λέγω ὅτι τοῦτο τυγχάνει μέγιστον ἀγαθὸν ὂν ἀνθρώπῳ, ἑκάστης ἡμέρας περὶ ἀρετῆς διαλέγεσθαι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων περὶ ὧν ὑμεῖς ἐμοῦ ἀκούετεδιαλεγομένου, ὁ δ' ἀνεξέταστος βίος οὐ βιωτὸς ἀνθρώπῳ, ταῦτα δ' ἔτι ἧττον πείσεσθέ μοι λέγοντι.

32. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦν μοι χρήματα, ἐτιμησάμην ἂν χρημάτων ὅσα ἔμελλον ἐκτείσειν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἂν ἐβλάβην. νῦν δὲ, οὐ γὰρ ἔστι μοι χρήματα πολλά, ἴσως ἂν δυναίμην ἐκτεῖσαι ὑμῖν μνᾶν ἀργυρίου· τοσούτου οὖν τιμῶμαι.

33. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦν μοι χρήματα, ἐτιμησάμην ἂν χρημάτων ὅσα ἔμελλον ἐκτείσειν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἂν ἐβλάβην. νῦν δὲ, οὐ γὰρ ἔστιμοι χρήματα πολλά, ἴσως ἂν δυναίμην ἐκτεῖσαι ὑμῖν μνᾶν ἀργυρίου· τοσούτου οὖν τιμῶμαι.

34. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 for next class (Tuesday, May 3, 2011): • Quiz:  • Chapter 34 Biblical reading

35. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 12 Ἰδοὺ ἔρχομαι ταχύ, καὶ ὁ μισθός μου μετ’ ἐμοῦ, ἀποδοῦναι ἑκάστῳ ὡς τὸ ἔργον ἐστὶν αὐτοῦ. 13 ἐγὼ τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος. 14 Μακάριοι οἱ πλύνοντες τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν, ἵνα ἔσται ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τοῖς πυλῶσιν εἰσέλθωσιν εἰς τὴν πόλιν. 15 ἔξω οἱ κύνες καὶ οἱ φάρμακοι καὶ οἱ πόρνοι καὶ οἱ φονεῖς καὶ οἱ εἰδωλολάτραι καὶ πᾶς φιλῶν καὶ ποιῶν ψεῦδος. μακάριος –α –ον blessed μισθός –οῦ ὁ pay πλύνωwash πόρνος –ου ὁ sexual deviant πυλών -ῶνος ὁ gateway στολή –ῆς ἡ robe φάρμακος –ου ὁ sorcerer φονεύς –έως ὁ murderer ἀποδίδωμι give, pay ἀρχή -ῆς ἡ beginning εἰδωλολάτρης –ου ὁ servant of idols ἐξουσία –ας ἡ authority, right ἔσχατος –η –ον last ἰδού look! κύων κυνός ὁ dog

36. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 16 Ἐγὼ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυίδ, ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς ὁ πρωϊνός. 17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἔρχου. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἔρχου. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω, ὁ θέλων λαβέτω ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν. ἀστήρ –έρος ὁ star διψάωbe thirsty δωρεά -ᾶς ἡ gift θέλω = ἐθέλω ἐκκλησία –ας ἡ church λαμπρός –ά –όν shining μαρτυρέωwitness νύμφη –ης ἡ bride πνεῦμα –ατος τό breath, spirit πρωϊνός –ή –όν morning ῥίζα –ης ἡ root

37. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 18 Μαρτυρῶ ἐγὼ παντὶ τῷ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου· ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ ἐπ’ αὐτά, ἐπιθήσει ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ὁ θεὸς τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ· 19 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ. 20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα, Ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμήν, ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ. 21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μετὰ πάντων.(Ἀποκάλυψις 22.12-21) ἅγιος –α –ον holy ἀφαιρέω –ελῶ -εῖλον take away βιβλίον –ου τό book ἐπιτίθημι put on, add ζωή -ῆς ἡ life κύριος –ου ὁ lord μαρτυρέω witness μέρος –ους τό part, portion ναί yes ξύλον –ου τό wood, tree πληγή -ῆς ἡ beating, plague προφητεία –ας ἡ prophecy

38. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 for next class (Thursday, May 5, 2011): • Final class meeting

39. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Final Exam (Monday, Monday May 9, 2011) 3:00-5:00pm: • Fill in the verb endings (all those highlighted in red) on “Master List of Verb Endings” • Fill in the endings (all those highlighted in red) on “Master List of Participle Endings”

40. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Final Exam (Monday, Monday May 9, 2011) 3:00-5:00pm: • Translate a brief passage into clear, idiomatic English. • Parse selected words from this passage.