Hyper-V Infrastructure

1. Hyper-V Infrastructure Symon Perriman Jeff Woolsey Technical Evangelist Principal Program Manager

2. Introduction to Hyper-V Jump Start

3. Agenda • Server & Scale • Dynamic Memory • Software SKU Considerations • Configuration • Deployment & Planning Tools • Enabling Hyper-V • Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012

4. Server & Scale

5. Server Considerations Processor x64 Multi-socket, multi-core Virtualization Hardware Assisted Virtualization1 AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) Hardware-enabled Data Execution Prevention (DEP)1 AMD (NX no execute bit) Intel (XD execute disable) Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)2 AMD Nested Page Tables (NPT) or Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI) Intel Extended Page Tables (EPT) Local storage Local RAID 1 or RAID 10 hard disk space for OS partition 40 GB minimum RAM 2 GB minimum All hardware components should have a Window Server logo Required for cluster support 1 Required 2Highly Recommended for Server Hyper-V & Required for Client Hyper-V

6. Mission Critical Workloads Scale Live Migration should just work • Scale isn’t just more virtual processors • No tradeoffs Performance must increase with cores Virtualize workloads considered “non-virtualizable” • Maximize your investment • Let’s build the best cloud together

7. Scaling up: Physical NUMA • NUMA (Non-uniform memory access) • Helps hosts scale up the number of cores and memory access • Partitions cores and memory into “nodes” • Allocation and latency depends on the memory location relative to a processor • High performance applications detect NUMA and minimize cross-node memory access NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2 Processors Memory Host NUMA

8. Scaling up: Physical NUMA NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2 • This is optimal… • Memory allocation and thread allocations within the same NUMA node • Memory populated in each NUMA node Processors Memory NUMA node 3 NUMA node 4 Processors Memory Host NUMA

9. Scaling up: Physical NUMA NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2 • This isn’t optimal… • System is imbalanced • Memory allocation and thread allocations across different NUMA nodes • Multiple node hops • NUMA Node 2 has an odd number of DIMMS • NUMA Node 3 doesn’t have enough • NUMA Node 4 has no local memory (worst case) Processors Memory NUMA node 3 NUMA node 4 Processors Memory Host NUMA

10. Scaling Up: Guest NUMA • Guest NUMA • Presenting NUMA topology within VM • Guest operating systems & apps can make intelligent NUMA decisions about thread and memory allocation • Guest NUMA nodes are aligned with host resources • Policy driven per host – best effort, or force alignment NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2 NUMA node 3 NUMA node 4 vNUMA node A vNUMA node A vNUMA node B vNUMA node B

11. Hyper-V Scale ComparisonMassive Scale in the Box

12. Linear Performance & Scale • ESG Labs Validation: Windows Server 2012 with SQL Server 2012 • The sum of the number of transactions processed per second and the average response time for the 10 transaction types were monitored as virtual CPUs were added from 4-64. The OLTP workload and concurrent user counts remained constant. The number of brokerage transactions per second scaled linearly up to 64 virtual processors.

13. Processor Compatibility Mode Overview Allows live migration across different CPU versions within the same processor family Configure compatibility on a per-VM basis Presents a normalized virtual processor within the VM Benefits Greater flexibility within clusters Enables migration across a broader range of Hyper-V host hardware

14. Dynamic Memory

15. Win Server 2008 R2 SP1: Dynamic Memory Startup RAM Amount of memory configured at startup Maximum RAM Maximum memory VM is allowed to use Memory Buffer Percentage of extra memory to reserve for a VM Percentage is based on memory committed to the guest OS Can be used for file caching and I/O intensive applications Memory Weight (aka Memory Priority) Prioritizes memory allocation to VMs when physical memory is under pressure

16. Initial VM Start Finance VM 8 GB Sales VM Engineering VM 6 GB 4 GB 3 VMs started 2 GB T = 0 T = 15 T = 30 T = 0 T = 15 T = 30 Total System Memory 8 GB Memory in Use by VMs 3 GB Virtual Machines Physical Memory Used 37.5 % Memory Settings

17. 15 minutes later … work in progress Finance VM Finance starts reports Engineering starts ananalysis job 8 GB Sales VM Engineering VM 6 GB 4 GB 3 VMs started 2 GB T = 0 T = 15 T = 30 T = 0 T = 15 T = 30 Total System Memory 8 GB Memory in Use by VMs 6 GB Virtual Machines Physical Memory Used 75 % Memory Settings

18. 30 minutes later … working hard! Finance VM Finance starts reports Engineering starts ananalysis job 8 GB Sales VM Engineering VM Service VM 6 GB Finance report finished Engineering analysis running IT starts a Service VM Engineering reaches max allocation 4 GB 3 VMs started 2 GB T = 0 T = 15 T = 30 T = 0 T = 15 T = 30 Memory recovered to allow Service VM Total System Memory 8 GB Memory in Use by VMs 7.5 GB Virtual Machines Physical Memory Used 94 % Memory Settings

19. Win Server 2012: Dynamic Memory Most OSes require more memory during boot and will use less when idle Minimum RAM added Customers wanted more configuration flexibility Dynamic Memory is “hot” while the VM is running… Increase Maximum Memory Decrease Minimum Memory

20. Why Smart Paging? Finance VM • Let’s assume… • Sales VM & Service VM are both restarted and… • Finance & Engineering grab all available memory… • Sales & Service VMs can’t startup because there isn’t enough memory and the DM driver hasn’t loaded yet Sales VM 8 GB Engineering VM Service VM 6 GB Finance & Engineering Grab all available memory 4 GB 2 GB T = 0 T = 15 T = 30 Assume that Sales and Service VM are Restarted Virtual Machines Memory Settings Total System Memory 8 GB

21. Hyper-V Smart Paging Smart Paging designed to ensure VMs always restart Smart Paging files are created per VM Only during VM Restart scenarios Once VM stops using Smart Paging file, these files are deleted Smart Paging files are generally a fraction the size of the memory and only needed to get the VM booted and the DM driver loaded When restarting VMs: First, remove memory from other VMs if possible Use Smart Paging to ensure the restart succeeds Why only on VM Reset? In-Guest Paging is always preferred to Virtualization Level Paging When starting new VMs: Always remove memory from other VMs if needed

22. Smart Paging Question… Q: Are there any recommendations for types of disks or storage subsystems (SATA, SAS, SSD) for Hyper-V Smart Paging? A: Dynamic Memory has been architected so that in the vast majority of cases, Hyper-V Smart Paging is rarely used and, if used, only on a temporary basis. Thus, the need for special high end storage isn’t needed and Smart Paging will take advantage of whatever storage is presented.

23. Software SKU Considerations

24. Software Infrastructure Windows Server 2012 Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012 Fully featured; Supports failover clustering Separate infrastructure servers from Hyper-V hosts Plan infrastructure roles Active Directory – Required for identity management & failover clustering DHCP – Required for pre-boot execution environment (PXE) & dynamic provisioning File server – Required for VMM library server Windows Server Update Services – Recommended to automate patching infrastructure OEM & 3rd party software planning Ensures support on Windows Server 2012 on physical servers and VMs Windows PowerShell support recommended to enable automation in management

25. Choosing a Host OS SKU No guest OS licenses 2guest OS licenses Unlimited guest licenses Host OS is free Licensed per CPU Licensed per CPU CLI & Remote Management only Full installation or Server Core Full installation or Server Core

26. Configuration

27. Configuration via Group Policy Allowed applications Centrally managed firewalls Local admin group control Windows Update Security settings

28. Configuring Firewall Rules Automatically configured during Hyper-V role installation Check Windows Firewall with Advanced Security On Server Core use SConfig tool Automatically configured when adding a host via VMM Failover clustering with a file server or VMM library requires Remote Volume Management to be unblocked Set-NetFirewallProfile -Profile Domain,Public,Private -Enabled True

29. Deployment & Planning Tools

30. Solution Accelerator (free download) Performs agentless discovery, assessment, and readiness analysis Enables easier desktop, server & cloud migrations Server utilization data Server consolidation ROI Virtualization candidate assessments V6.0 provides guidance for Hyper-V Cloud Fast Track Solutions Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit (MAP)

31. Windows Deployment Service (WDS) Windows Server Role Remotely deploys operating system installations Fully automated and customized using unattended installation scripting files Deploy VHDs for images Automated tasks Adding or removing programs and features Naming the machine Joining a domain Installing server roles Install-WindowsFeature–Name WDS

32. Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) 2012 Solution Accelerator (free download) Unified tools and processes for deploying desktops and servers from a common deployment console Automated data center deployments OS, drivers, applications, software & Windows updates Integration with Configuration Manager & Windows Deployment Service (WDS) for fully automatic deployments Reduced deployment time using standardized images Server Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008, & Windows Server 2003 Client Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP & Microsoft Office

33. Solution Accelerator (free download) Centralized baseline library Security baseline deployment & compliance checks Baseline customization, exporting & management Monitor and report security baseline compliance Automatic security baseline updates Security Compliance Manager (SCM)

34. Virtual Machine Converter The Microsoft Virtual Machine Converter Solution Accelerator (free download) 4 MB download that converts VMware virtual machines to Hyper-V Provides a quick, low-risk option for VMware customers to evaluate Hyper-V What it does Converts VMware VMs, virtual disks and configuration, (memory, virtual processor, etc.) from the source to Hyper-V Uninstalls the VMware tools on the source VM and installs the Hyper-V Integration Services as appropriate Includes an easy-to-use wizard-driven GUI simplifying VM conversion

35. Virtual Machine Servicing Tool 2012 (VMST) Solution Accelerator (free download) Avoid deploying new non-compliant & vulnerable VMs Automatically patch offline VMs Dormant VMs Virtual hard disks VM templates VMs in the VMM library Integrates Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) Hyper-V System Center 2012 Configuration Manager SP1 Microsoft System Center 2012 Service Pack 1 – Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) Windows Server Update Services

36. Enabling Hyper-V

37. Role & Feature Scripting Server Manager GUI Add Roles and Features Wizard Windows PowerShell CMD Add-WindowsFeatureHyper-V DISM /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Hyper-V start /w ocsetup Microsoft-Hyper-V

38. Enabling Hyper-V Hyper-V is enabled as a server role (restart required) Hypervisor must be enabled and running to start virtual machines Verify the status of the Hyper-V Virtual Machine Management Service

39. Enabling by Server Manager Server role

40. Enabling by CLI (Server Core) Windows PowerShell CMD Server Manager GUI available with remote management Add-WindowsFeature Hyper-V DISM /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Hyper-V start /w ocsetup Microsoft-Hyper-V

41. Enabling by VMM Will be automatically enabled when adding hosts

42. Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012

43. What is Microsoft Hyper-V Server? Enterprise-class, Microsoft hypervisor Local Command Line Interface Does not include guest OS licenses Standalone Hyper-V Free ISO download from Microsoft.com website Designed for remote management Contains all Hyper-V features

44. Great Reasons to use Hyper-V Server • Linux VM Consolidation • VDI platform • Hoster virtualization platform

45. MS Hyper-V Server 2012 Q&A (1/2) Is this an evaluation version? Is their Activation? No and No. Enterprise class hypervisor for everyone. Is this supported in production? Yes, since day one. Does Hyper-V Server have reduced/limited scale? No Is System Center required for Live Migration or Live Storage Migrate VMs? No. You can manage using free RSAT tools, or System Center or via PowerShell

46. MS Hyper-V Server 2012 Q&A (2/2) Is clustering included with Hyper-V Server 2012? Yes. It has been since Hyper-V Server 2008 R2. Does Hyper-V Server include Live Migration? Yes. Yes. Yes. Shared Nothing Live Migration? Yes. Yes. Yes. Does this include the new Extensible Switch? Yes. Yes. Yes. Does this include Hyper-V Replica? Yes. Yes. Yes.

47. Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 SP1->2012 Customer Driven: More Features, Scale, Availability, Mobility in every release.

48. Takeaways • There are many considerations for planning the server, storage, networking, software, and security • Virtualization hosts will have different requirements than infrastructure servers • Consider virtualization rights when selecting the host OS • Use the Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit (MAP) for guidance