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REFLECTIONS ON 30 YEARS IN GROUND CONTROL. 6 2010. Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability (ARMPS): Version 6 (2010). L s. L b. c4. c1. D. A. c3. c2. W s. C. We could spend a million dollars trying to explain why this intersection collapsed….
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6 2010 Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability (ARMPS): Version 6 (2010)
Ls Lb c4 c1 D A c3 c2 Ws C
We could spend a million dollars trying to explain why this intersection collapsed…
But then how do we explain the 100 nearby “just like it” that stayed up??!!
Other engineers have accurate knowledge of material properties and applied loads.
Because rock mass behavior is so complex, we need a different approach.
From a practical standpoint, maybe its “good enough” to know that the odds of failure were 1-in-100.
EMPIRICAL METHODS Make use of knowledge gained during “full scale testing” of mine designs.
Empirical methods focus on the success or failure of the full scale design.
Require a simplified model that includes all the important factors.
TAILGATE ENTRY STABILITY
Empirical design guidelines are closely linked to reality, easy to understand, and easy to use.
Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability (ARMPS) Analysis of Multiple Seam Stability (AMSS)
Safety During Pillar Recovery: A Ground Control Success Story
Fatal Roof Falls During Retreat Mining 1995-2005
Fatal Roof Falls During Retreat Mining 1995-2011 One fatal roof fall in six years
Use extra roof bolt support Mobile Roof Supports Leave the final stump Technologies that made the difference
Retreat Mining ~ 30 million tons/year ~ 400 tons/pillar ~ 80,000 pillars/year ~ 200 retreat mines ~ 400 pillars/mine/year
Retreat Mining ~ 80,000 pillars/year ~ 400 pillars/mine/year Prior to 2005, nationwide there were ~ 2 fatals/year ~ Rate was 1 fatal/40,000 pillars Typical mine: One fatal every 100 years