Energy Systems and Technologies

1. Energy Systems and Technologies L-T-P : 3-0-2 http://web.iitd.ac.in/~pmvs/course_mcl241.php

2. B-SLOT

3. You are A Sophomore!?!? • MASTERY OF the engineering science material typically covered in courses such as Dynamics, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics and Circuits in the sophomore year. • This is crucial for advanced courses in these topics and for design courses. • All these courses obviously refer to conservation of energy and conservation of linear and angular momentum. • But the engineering philosophy, terminology, notation and even methodology is different.

4. Mother is the Sole Teacher/Trainer/Facilitator Tigress training her cubs to kill

5. Energy Systems and Technologies: INTRODUCTION P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Systems & Technologies Evolved out of Biological Characteristic of Humans Lead to Creation of Human Dominated Planet..

6. An Engineering Domination to Natural Experts Running Faster ~350 km/hr 40 – 48 km/hr

7. An Engineering Domination to Natural Experts Swimming Faster The Sail Fish

8. An Engineering Domination to Natural Experts Flying Faster

9. A Engineering Domination to Natural Experts Load Carriers

10. Continuous Evolution of Homo Sapiens • Raw food eating habits to Micro wave based cooking. • Human and animal vehicles to Automobiles. • Watching a flying bird to flying like a bird at high speeds. • Manual machines to Electric appliances. • Living with available seasonal food to eating anything at any time. • Spending hours on paper note book calculations to High speed computing note book. • …………… • ……………… • ……………………… Energy Systems & Technologies are Responsible for Human development ....

11. Two Sides of A Coin A High Tech Artificial Environment Poor Quality Natural Environment

12. Human impact on the environment • Human impact is called as an anthropogenic impact. • The term anthropogenic designates an effect or object resulting from human activity. • The anthropogenic impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments, biodiversity and other resources. • The atmospheric scientist Paul Crutzen introduced the term "anthropocene" in the mid-1970s. • The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution emissions that are produced as a result of human activities but applies broadly to all major human impacts on the environment.[

13. State of Ecosystems, Habitats and Species • Human interaction is an disruptive effect on nature. • However, in the past, human interaction with nature, enriched the quality and variety of the living world and its habitats. • Today, human pressure on natural environments is greater than before in terms of magnitude in disrupting nature. • The policies pursued in the industry, transport and energy sectors having a direct and damaging impact on the nature. • The strong focus of forestry management on economic targets primarily causes the decline in biodiversity, soil erosion and other related effects.

14. Manifestations of the Degradation • The clearest manifestations of the degradation of the natural environment are: • Reduction and fragmentation of habitats and landscapes. • A decreased species diversity, due to reduced habitable surface area which corresponds to a reduced "species carrying capacity". • The reduction of the size of habitats also reduces the genetic diversity of the species living there. • Loss of Species of Fauna and Flora. http://www.hobart.k12.in.us/jkousen/Biology/impact.html

15. My Journey into True Energy Research..... Shri Mangal Singh Water Wheel on River Sajnam, Bhailoni Lod Village Lalitpur Dist.

16. The Giant Wheel Like Water Wheel

18. Assam, India: Micro Hydro Power Project to Benefit 38 Families

19. Inhabitants of a remote village in the rugged, mountainous terrain of North Cachar Hills are getting uninterrupted power supply even though it is not connected by conventional power grid. • This has been made possible by the State’s first micro hydro-electricity. • The project generates 6.8 KVA power from a hilly stream called Boro Robi nullah near the hamlet. • It has a 12-foot-high water reservoir and a turbine. • “This was started as a pilot project with support from the Army, and following its successful implementation, we plan to set up more such micro hydel projects in similar terrain in the district,” HP Rajkumar, Project Director, District Rural Development Agency (DRDA), NC Hills, said, adding that a couple of sites had already been identified for the purpose. • Rajkumar said that the Army engineers designed the turbine, which cost Rs 1.25 lakh. “The Army has been very enthusiastic about the project and extended every possible cooperation to us. • We got technical expertise from the IIT-Delhi as well,” he said. • At the moment the project is illuminating 38 households of the village besides a school, a church, a temple and an auditorium. “The households have two bulbs each.

20. Are the Humans created to disrupt the Nature????!!!??? Let us understand the special bio-energetic characteristic of Humans….

21. Thermodynamic Classification of Living Species Life on Earth Carbon Energy Reservoirs Autotrophs Heterotrophs Somatic Heterotrophs Extra-Somatic Heterotrophs

22. Humans : Extra-somatic Heterotrophs • The humans are extrasomatic heterotrophs. • The ability to use energy extrasomatically enables human beings to use far more energy than any other heterotroph that has ever evolved. • The human population modified more and more of its environment by using extrasomatic energy to suit human needs. • The world's present population of over 5.5 billion is sustained and continues to grow through the use of extrasomatic energy. • The human race expanded its resource base so that for long periods it has exceeded contemporary requirements.

23. Eco-System On earth : A Materialistic View ONE TIME RESOURCE INCOMING RESOURCE SOLAR ENERGY CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS SOLAR RADIATION WINDS VEGETATION Heating of OCEAN S CLOUDS CHEMICAL ENERGY RAINS FOSSILIZATION COAL FOSSIL FUEL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS

24. ONE TIME RESOURCE INCOMING RESOURCE SOLAR ENERGY CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS SOLAR RADIATION WINDS VEGETATION OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CLOUDS VELOCITY CHEMICAL ENERGY RAINS THERMAL WAVE WIND ENERGY HYDRO ENERGY FOSSILIZATION COAL FOSSIL FUEL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS Calorific Value

25. ONE TIME RESOURCE INCOMING RESOURCE SOLAR ENERGY CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS SOLAR RADIATION WINDS VEGETATION OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CLOUDS VELOCITY CHEMICAL ENERGY RAINS THERMAL WAVE WIND ENERGY HYDRO ENERGY FOSSILIZATION COAL FOSSIL FUEL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS Fossil Chemical Energy

26. Conservative Philosophy of Universe • Matter cycles in regions of energy flow; such cycles, visible in natural complex structures, including those of life, occur as limited material resources scramble to provide a vehicle for entropy export. {Schneider & Sagan, 2005}

27. Energy System Vs Technology Silicon Era Machine Free Era ??? Machines Era Water Mills Wind Mills Heat Engines Steam /gas turbines Compound Tool Era Single body Tool Era Cattle as Energy Systems Pre-historic Technology Humans as Energy Systems Pre-historic Energy Systems

28. Origin of Energy Systems & Technologies

29. The Greatest Extra-somatic Action Discovery of FIRE, FLAME and TORCH • Fire is a discovery rather than an invention. • Homo erectus probably discovered fire by accident. • Fire was most likely given to man as a 'gift from the heavens' when a bolt of lightning struck a tree or a bush, suddenly starting it on fire. • The flaming touch and the campfire probably constituted early man's first use of 'artificial' lighting. • As early as 400,000 BC, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking man. • Prehistoric man, used primitive lamps to illuminate his cave. • Various Oils were used as fuels.

31. The Accounting : A major concern in Extrasomatism If we are living in a cave and realized our extrasomatism, we need to start accounting with some degree of precise standard. We might be having fire, stick and stone tools in our cave. There, starts a measurement system. Like when you grunt and say how many fruits you collected for dinner, 1, 2 or 3.....measurements. When gathering wood for a fire you would ask for so much wood.....measurement. To live in our physical world we need to understand it (The Knowledge).

32. Innovation and Conservation

33. The Major Break Through Research due to Extra-somatic Behaviour…. Development of Equipment for Enhancing the Utility of Fire/fuel. Extra-somatism for Somatic Needs Development of Theory & Systems for Motive Power. Extra-somatism for Extra-Somatic Needs

34. The Aelopile • In 130BC, Hero, a Greek mathematician and scientist is credited with inventing the first practical application of steam power, the aelopile.

35. Branca's Steam Turbine • In 1629, Giovanni Branca, of the Italian town of Loretto, described, in a work' published at Rome, a number of ingenious contrivances. Artificial Animal Natural Engine

36. The Practical Solutions : Are they Well Thought? Creation of Motive Power: Dangerous & Inhuman Technologies by copying