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FINAL EXAM REVIEW

This review covers various instruments, their measurements, metric units, and experiments related to mass, volume, density, and solubility.

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FINAL EXAM REVIEW

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  1. FINAL EXAM REVIEW

  2. 1. For each instrument below, identify its name, what it measures, and the metric unit it measures in. Metric ruler Measures length Mm, cm, m Triple Beam Balance Measures Mass g, kg Graduated cylinder Measures volume mL or L

  3. 2. What is the mass of the object on this TBB? Mass = 137.4 gm

  4. a. Identify the method used. DISPLACEMENT b. What is measured? VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR SOLID c. Identify the units. mL or cm3 d. What is the volume of the rock? 10mL 3.

  5. 4. a. Volume of water: 4.2mL b. Volume of water with dinosaur: 5.6mL c. Volume of dinosaur 1.4mL

  6. 5. Calculate volume. Show all work. V = L x W x H 3cm x 2cm x 5cm 30.0cm3

  7. 6. Why are the icebergs floating? They are less dense than the water. They have a density less than 1g/mL.

  8. 7. The experiment on the right is performed to determine if radish seeds take in oxygen as they germinate. Methylene blue is a chemical that is blue when oxygen is present, but is colorless when oxygen is not present. Containers A and B each contained 200 mL of water and 10 drops of methylene blue. Ten radish seeds were added to container A. Container B had no radish seeds. a. State the problem. b. Identify the independent variable. c. Identify the dependent variable. d. Identify the control group. e. Identify a constant or control. f. What can be done to make the results more relaible?

  9. 7. a. State the problem. • Do radish seeds absorb oxygen as they germinate? b. Identify the independent variable. • # of radish seeds c. Identify the dependent variable. • The color of methylene blue d. Identify the control group. • Tube with no radish seeds e. Identify a constant or control. • Size of tube, amount of water, # of drops of methylene blue, temperature, light f. What can be done to make the results more reliable? • Repeat or increase sample size

  10. 8. You studied the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times a day. The fish's mass was measured three times a week. • State the problem. • What is the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish? b. Give a possible hypothesis. • I think that feeding the goldfish three times a day will increase the mass of the goldfish the most. c. Identify the independent variable. • The amount of food d. Identify the control group. • The group of goldfish that were fed once a day.

  11. 8. You studied the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times a day. The fish's mass was measured three times a week. e. Identify the dependent variable. • The mass of the goldfish. f. Identify 2 controls (factors that must remain constant). • Amount of fish in each group • Temperature of the water • Amount of light the fish are exposed to • The original mass of the fish

  12. 0 1 2 3 4 cm 9. What is the length of the object in centimeters? 2.8cm

  13. 4 10. A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 mm to 12 mm in size. The student was making • an inference (2) a prediction (3) a hypothesis (4) an observation 11. All of the liquid from a test tube is poured into a beaker, as shown in the diagram below. Compared to the liquid that was in the test tube, the liquid in the beaker has (1) a different volume, but the same shape (2) a different volume and a different shape (3) the same volume, but a different shape (4) the same volume and the same shape 3

  14. 12. The diagram below shows water in a graduated cylinder. A student states that the graduated cylinder contains 150 mL of water. This statement is (1) a prediction (3) a theory (2) an observation (4) a hypothesis 2

  15. 13. The diagram below shows 20 grams of two different materials, A and B, on a laboratory balance. Compared to material A, material B has a different (1) density (3) phase (2) mass (4) shape 1

  16. D = m = 9.2 g = 0.6 g/cm3 • v 14.3cm3 14. Frank has a paper clip. It has a mass of 9.2 g and a volume of 14.3cm3. What is its density? Show all work. 15. Frank also has an eraser. It has a mass of 3.3 g, and a volume of 1.5cm3. What is its density? Show all work. • D = m = 3.3 g = 2.2 g/cm3 • v 1.5cm3

  17. 16. a. Which layer has the highest density? • Green layer b. Which layer has the lowest density? • Yellow layer c. Imagine that the liquids have the following densities: 10g/cm3 3g/cm3 6g/cm3 5g/cm3 Which number would go with which layer? • Yellow = 3g/cm3. • Blue = 5g/cm3. • Red = 6g/cm3 • Green = 10g/cm3

  18. 17. 36 g Heat up the water. As temperature increases, the solubility of the gas decreases. Heat up the solvent, increase the surface area, stir the solution.

  19. 18. Use the solubility curves below to answer the following questions. a. Identify the solutes represented on this graph. HCl and NH4Cl b. Identify the solvent represented on this graph. water c. How many grams of NH4Cl can dissolve in 100 grams of water at 25°C? d. How many grams of HCl can dissolve in 100 grams of water at 10°C? 40 grams 76 grams

  20. 18. Use the solubility curves below to answer the following questions. e. At what temperature can 70 grams of NH4Cl dissolve in 100 grams of water? 85°C f. Explain the relationship between temperature and the solubility of HCl (gas). As temperature increases, the solubility of HCl decreases. g. Explain the relationship between temperature and the solubility of NH4Cl (solid). As temperature increases, the solubility of NH4Cl increases.

  21. 19. 2

  22. 20. A new idea that is tested in a scientific experiment is known as a(an) theory hypothesis inference observation 2 • 21. Why do scientists consider any hypothesis valuable? • A hypothesis requires no further investigation. • A hypothesis may lead to further investigation even if it is disproved by the experiment. • A hypothesis requires no further investigation if it is proved by the experiment. • A hypothesis can be used to explain a conclusion even if it is disproved by the experiment. 2

  23. 22. Nucleus Vacuole E Nucleolus G Mitochondria H ER Ribosome Cell membrane

  24. 23. Nucleus Cell membrane Vacuole Chloroplast

  25. 24. Identify the processes below. Cell Respiration C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20 + 36ATP Photosynthesis CO2 + H20  O2 + H20 + C6H12O6

  26. 25. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex? • cells, tissues, organs, organ systems • tissues, organisms, cells, organ systems • cells, tissues, organ systems, organs(4) organs, organisms, organ systems, cells 1 • 26. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, • lactic acid is produced                  • a large amount of ATP is formed • NADH molecules split              • oxidative respiration occurs 1

  27. 27. Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the process of • lactic acid fermentation                   • alcoholic fermentation • aerobic respiration                     • glycolysis 2

  28. 28. What type of transport does this picture represent? Explain your answer. Active transport Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration.

  29. 29. The diagram above shows the same type of molecule in area A and area B. With the  passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of  __________. passive transport

  30. 1 30. The basic life functions of an organism are carried on by • cells (2) atoms (3) nutrients (4) hormones 31. Which substance do all living things require to survive? • blood (2) carbon dioxide (3) water (4) organic soil 3

  31. 4 32. One important difference between living things and nonliving things is that only living things have • compounds (2) molecules (3) elements (4) cells 33. In order to survive, all organisms must have • chlorophyll (2) energy (3) carbon dioxide (4) blood 2

  32. 34. The sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism is known as • evolution (2) circulation (3) metabolism (4) reproduction 3

  33. 35. Identify all systems below and their functions. Skeletal (locomotion) Muscular (locomotion) Circulatory (Transport) Nervous (regulation – send messages) Excretory (remove cellular wastes) Respiratory (gas exchange) Digestive (break down food)

  34. 36. What system is represented in the diagram? What is the function of this system? Excretory system Removes metabolic wastes from the body.

  35. Respiratory Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between internal and external environments. 37. What system is represented in the diagram? Identify the function of this system.

  36. white blood cell Produce antibodies and engulf pathogens Y Z red blood cell platelet Carry oxygen Blood clotting 38. Identify structures X, Y, and Z and their functions.

  37. 39. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that affect blood sugar levels. The diagram below shows the feedback system used by the human body to increase and decrease blood sugar levels. This feedback system is one way that the human body • circulates gases (3) destroys viruses (2) maintainsequilibrium (4) transports nutrients 2

  38. 40. The diagram below shows part of the human Excretory system. The structures shown are primarily involved in (1) transporting blood (3) removing wastes (2) producing sex cells (4) breaking down food 3

  39. 41. Asexually produced offspring are genetically (1) identical to the parent (2) different from the parent (3) different from each other (4) formed by two parents 1

  40. 42. The series of diagrams below shows a single-celled organism and its offspring that resulted from cell division over a period of 20 hours. If the organisms continue to reproduce asexually at this same rate, how many organisms will there be after 30 hours? (1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 7 (4) 16 2

  41. 43. The diagram below shows information about the reproduction and development of a rabbit. Which letter in the diagram represents fertilization? • A • B (3) C (4) D 3

  42. 44. The diagram shows four stages in the development of a human after fertilization. Between stages A and D, which process must occur? (1) mutation (3) cell division (2) sexual reproduction (4) extinction 3

  43. 45. Which sequence of development is correct? (1) fertilized egg → tissues → organ systems → organs (2) fertilized egg → organ systems → organs → tissues (3) fertilized egg → organs → tissues → organ systems (4) fertilized egg → tissues → organs → organ systems 4

  44. 2 46. Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants? (1) Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow roots. (2) Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant. (3) Underground stems from a plant grow into new plants. (4) A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and grows. 47. The diagram below shows a cross section of a bean seed. The function of part X in the bean seed is to (1) provide protection for the embryo (2) provide nutrients for the embryo (3) prevent mutations in the plant (4) fight off infections in the plant. 2

  45. 4 48. Which process is represented by the diagram Below? (1) asexual reproduction (2) ecological succession (3) photosynthesis (4) metamorphosis 49. Which process involves choosing certain organisms to reproduce with one another in order to pass on specific, desirable traits to their offspring? (1) selective breeding (2) asexual reproduction (3) resource acquisition (4) natural selection 1

  46. 50. A Punnett square is shown below. The dominant trait is represented by R. The recessive trait is represented by r. What percentage of the offspring will most likely show the dominant trait? (1) 25% (2) 75% (3) 50% (4) 100% 2

  47. 2 51. Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that are composed of (1) hormones (2) DNA molecules (3) minerals and water (4) undigested food molecules 52. The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of (1) extinction (2) competition (3) biological adaptation (4) ecological succession 3

  48. 53. The diagram shows how modern types of flowers developed from early types of flowers over the last 75 million years. Which process is represented in this diagram? (1) evolution (3) selective breeding (2) photosynthesis (4) ecological succession 1

  49. 1 54. Animals may fight, make threatening sounds, and act aggressively toward members of the same species. These behaviors usually occur as the result of (1) competition (3) decomposition (2) conservation (4) pollution 55. When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become • extinct (2) diverse (3) dominant (4) overpopulated 1

  50. 56. The diagram below shows a cross section of a portion of Earth’s crust that has not been overturned. Letters A, B, C, and D represent sedimentary rock layers that contain fossils. Which rock layer contains the oldest fossils? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D 4

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