Fig. 28-01

1. Fig. 28-01 1 µm

2. Diplomonads Excavata Parabasalids Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Alveolates Ciliates Chromalveolata Diatoms Golden algae Fig. 28-03a Brown algae Stramenopiles Oomycetes Chlorarachniophytes Rhizaria Forams Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Archaeplastida Green algae Charophyceans Land plants Slime molds Gymnamoebas Amoebozoans Entamoebas Nucleariids Unikonta Fungi Opisthokonts Choanoflagellates Animals

3. Plastid Dinoflagellates Secondary endosymbiosis Apicomplexans Fig. 28-02-2 Red alga Cyanobacterium Primary endosymbiosis Stramenopiles Plastid Heterotrophic eukaryote Secondary endosymbiosis Over the course of evolution, this membrane was lost. Euglenids Secondary endosymbiosis Green alga Chlorarachniophytes

4. Fig. 28-03l 100 µm

5. Fig. 28-18 Pseudopodia 200 µm

6. 20 µm Fig. 28-03i

7. Fig. 28-03g 5 µm

8. Fig. 28-06 9 µm

9. Long flagellum Fig. 28-07 Eyespot Short flagellum Light detector Contractile vacuole Nucleus Chloroplast Plasma membrane Pellicle Euglena (LM) 5 µm

10. Flagella Fig. 28-04 Undulating membrane 5 µm

11. Contractile vacuole Fig. 28-11a Oral groove Cell mouth Cilia 50 µm Micronucleus Food vacuoles Macronucleus (a) Feeding, waste removal, and water balance

12. MEIOSIS Fig. 28-11b-2 Haploid micronucleus Diploid micronucleus Compatible mates The original macronucleus disintegrates. Diploid micronucleus MICRONUCLEAR FUSION Key Conjugation Reproduction (b) Conjugation and reproduction

13. Inside mosquito Inside human Merozoite Sporozoites (n) Liver Liver cell Fig. 28-10-3 Oocyst Apex MEIOSIS Red blood cell 0.5 µm Merozoite (n) Zygote (2n) Red blood cells FERTILIZATION Gametes Key Gametocytes (n) Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)

14. Fig. 28-12 Hairy flagellum Smooth flagellum 5 µm

15. Oogonium Germ tube Egg nucleus (n) Cyst Antheridial hypha with sperm nuclei (n) MEIOSIS Hyphae ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Zoospore (2n) Fig. 28-17-3 FERTILIZATION Zygote germination Zygotes (oospores) (2n) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Zoosporangium (2n) Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)

16. Fig. 28-13 3 µm

17. Flagellum Outer container Living cell Fig. 28-14 25 µm

18. Blade Fig. 28-15 Stipe Holdfast

19. Sporangia Fig. 28-16-2 10 cm MEIOSIS Sporophyte (2n) Zoospore Female Developing sporophyte Gametophytes (n) Zygote (2n) Mature female gemetophyte (n) Male Egg FERTILIZSATION Sperm Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)

20. Bonnemaisonia hamifera Fig. 28-19a 8 mm

21. Nori. The red alga Porphyra is the source of a traditional Japanese food. The seaweed is grown on nets in shallow coastal waters. The harvested seaweed is spread on bamboo screens to dry. Fig. 28-19c Paper-thin, glossy sheets of nori make a mineral-rich wrap for rice, seafood, and vegetables in sushi.

22. Excavata Chromalveolata Fig. 28-UN4 Rhizaria Red algae Chlorophytes Archaeplastida Green algae Charophyceans Land plants Unikonta

23. Fig. 28-20

24. 20 µm 50 µm Fig. 28-03j

25. (a) Ulva, or sea lettuce Fig. 28-21 2 cm (b) Caulerpa, an intertidal chloro- phyte

26. Spores (n) FERTILIZATION Emerging amoeba (n) Zygote (2n) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Solitary amoebas (feeding stage) (n) 600 µm MEIOSIS Fig. 28-25-2 Fruiting bodies (n) ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Amoebas (n) Aggregated amoebas Migrating aggregate Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) 200 µm

27. 4 cm Feeding plasmodium FERTILIZATION Zygote (2n) Fig. 28-24-3 Mature plasmodium (preparing to fruit) Young sporangium Flagellated cells (n) Amoeboid cells (n) Mature sporangium Germinating spore Spores (n) MEIOSIS 1 mm Stalk Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)