What’s the MATTER with WEATHER???

1. What’s the MATTER with WEATHER??? The Earth’s Atmosphere Energy Wind Air Masses Fronts Ozone Greenhouse Clouds Predicting

2. ATMOSPHERE~ review • The atmosphere surrounds the earth as a blanket of air (gases) • Protect us from dangerous electromagnetic energy from the sun • Mixture of gases that becomes thinner as you climb in altitude (through the layers). • Pressure and density decreases as you increase in altitude. (draw a simple diagram of this)

3. Gases in atmosphere • Nitrogen 78% • Oxygen 21% • Carbon dioxide less than 1% • Other trace elements

4. Electromagnetic Radiation

5. EXOSPHERE Satellites IONOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE Aurora Borealis ozone MESOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE Meteors OZONE TROPOSPHERE weather

6. Layers of the atmosphere • Troposphere-weather • Stratosphere- Ozone layer • Mesosphere- meteors burn up here • Thermosphere- • Ionosphere auroras occur here • Exosphere upper layer of atmosphere thins out into space

7. O3ZONE • Pale blue gas-Made up of three oxygen molecules. O3 • Oxygen is more stable in pairs…O2 is a more stable molecule than O3 • Ozone in the troposphere is considered to be a pollutant. Burns plant and animal life • Ozone in the stratosphere is a life saver! • INTERESTING: Ozone is created by UV light splitting O2 leaving an O to bond with O2 = O 3

8. Answer in your notes • What causes wind? • How do we measure wind direction and speed? • What is wind chill factor? (text)

9. Wind • Horizontal movement of air • from high pressure to low pressure • caused by unequal heating of the Earth

10. Why would Earth heat unequally?

11. Local and Global Winds • 4. What is a local wind? (text) What are some examples? • 5. What is a global wind? Why are they important to sailors?

12. Answer in your notes 6. What is the only time local winds blow? 7. What does it mean when one says that there is unequal heating of the earth’s surface? 8. What is the difference between a Sea Breeze and a land breeze? 9. Why wouldn’t we have a monsoon in CT?

13. CoriolisWhat is the Coriolis Effect? Atmosphere Info

14. CORIOLIS DEMO N 1 Hold balloon 2. have partner start at the top with a marker 3. you turn the balloon slowly counterclockwise at a steady pace. 4. Your partner draws a line from the center of the top down to the middle of the side, as you keep turning the balloon! Do not slow down, keep a steady speed.

15. Air Masses • Tropical • Polar • Maritime • Continental

16. Fronts • Cold • Warm • Stationary • Occluded • HINT: WARM AIR WILL ALWAYS RISE!

17. Cold front Precipitation

18. Warm Front Precipitation

19. CLOUDS

20. Cloud classification CLICK

21. Jet Stream • What is the jet stream?The jet stream is a fast flowing, river of air found in the atmosphere at around 12 km above the surface of the Earth just under the tropopause. They form at the boundaries of adjacent air masses with significant differences in temperature, such as of the polar region and the warmer air to the south. Because of the effect of the Earth's rotation the streams flow west to east, propagating in a serpentine or wave-like manner at lower speeds than that of the actual wind within the flow.

22. 10. What is the Jet Stream? • 11. Why do you think it got its name? • 12. How do they help planes? • 13. What is the Coriolis effect?

23. Greenhouse effect • Earth is heated • Some energy radiates back into the atmosphere • This energy is absorbed by the ______ gases and heats them up.(Co2 Producers) • The more gases the more ability to heat up!! (CO2 Users) co2

24. 14. Summarize the Greenhouse effect. • 15. What tools are used to measure: • Temperature- • Air pressure- • Humidity- • Wind speed- • Wind direction- • Precipitation- • How do you measure cloud coverage?