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LECTURE ( 12) AMMONIUM SULPHATE PRODUCTION INTRODUCTION:

Pharos University جامعه فاروس Faculty of Engineering كلية الهندسة Petrochemical Department قسم البتروكيماويات. LECTURE ( 12) AMMONIUM SULPHATE PRODUCTION INTRODUCTION:

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LECTURE ( 12) AMMONIUM SULPHATE PRODUCTION INTRODUCTION:

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  1. Pharos University جامعه فاروس Faculty of Engineering كلية الهندسة Petrochemical Department قسم البتروكيماويات LECTURE (12) AMMONIUM SULPHATE PRODUCTION INTRODUCTION: • Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4is a fertilizer which has 20-21% content of nitrogen and can therefore, a low concentration nitrogen fertilizer. • Its repeated used as a fertilizer results in acidification of soil. • The soil must be neutralized from time to time by application of lime.

  2. Production: • Ammonium sulphate is produced by different ways, they are: • 1- Combining ammonia with sulphuric acid. • 2- Scrubbing ammonia- containing gas from coke ovens and other carbonization units with sulphuricacid . • 3- Reacting ammonium carbonate and calcium sulphate, filtering off the CaCO3, evaporating and crystallizing the ammonium sulphate produced. • 4- Evaporating waste streams containing ammonium sulphate and separating the relatively pure salt by crystallization. • 5- Production with other ammonium salts (phosphate and nitrate).

  3. 1-Combining ammonia with sulphuric acid: • The reaction between ammonia and sulphuric acid is represented by the following equation: 2 NH3 (l) + H2SO4 (l) →(NH4)2SO4 + Heat The heat generated by the exothermic reaction is about -67710 cal/gmole Ammonia and sulphuricacid are introduced to the reactor with water at a temperature about 63-66 ºC , from which they are withdrawn, centrifuged and dried. The dry crystals after cooling are screened and the over and under sizes are collected re-dissolved and recycled to the crystallizer. The proper size fraction is packed and stored as product.

  4. 2-From coke ovens and other carbonization units with sulphuric acid : • The process is used to get ammonium sulphate as by product from steel industry out of the Eastern countries as India and Japan • The coke oven gases contains CO, CO2, and ammonia gases. • After removing CO, CO2 gases, ammonia is scrubbed with sulphuric acid to get ammonium sulphate which is concentrated, dried and bagged.

  5. 3- From Ammonia, carbon Dioxide, and Gypsum: Reactions Involved: 2NH3 + CO2+H2O → (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2CO3 + CaSO4 → (NH4)2 SO4 + CaCO3 It is done by the following Steps: • Grinding the Gypsum, and sending it to the reactor. • Carbonation: it is done in two absorption towers, primary and Secondary • Gypsum in dry form is sent with the carbonate solution to the first or second reactor of the chain reactors. • The reaction vessels are cylinder provided with steam coils, equipped with a gate type stirrer and arranged for gravity flow.

  6. The filtration is done in two stages of rotary drum type stainless steel drum filters. • Filter cake is sent to cement industry. • Filtered liquor from the primary filters contains about 3000 to 5000 ppm of suspended calcium carbonate. • Settlers reduce the suspended solid content to about 300 ppm. • Stainless steel settlers are 12 m in diameter, with conical bottoms about 3m deep. • Evaporation, Crystallization, and drying. • Cooling and Bagging.

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