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1991- 2011

1991- 2011. Nikita Jonas Megan Ribak Joanna Stumper Ben Wiechman. Outline. Historical/Current Events Trends in Occupational Therapy Models and Theories Used in OT Vision for the Profession. Historical/Current events. 1990s 2000s. Worldwide Events in the ‘90s.

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1991- 2011

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  1. 1991-2011 Nikita Jonas Megan Ribak Joanna Stumper Ben Wiechman

  2. Outline Historical/Current Events Trends in Occupational Therapy Models and Theories Used in OT Vision for the Profession

  3. Historical/Current events 1990s 2000s

  4. Worldwide Events in the ‘90s • Aftermath of collapse of Soviet Union • End of Cold War • West and East German reunification issues • Communists kidnap Gorbachev & revolt; resignation; 1992 end of Soviet Union & political independence • Yugoslavia: Slovenia & Croatia (ethnic cleansing until UN ceasefire) • Rwanda • President assassinated • Hutus, Tutsis, government • UN estimated 800,000 died April-July 1994 • Aftermath of Iran-Iraq War • Iraq in debt; asked Kuwait & Saudi Arabia to negotiate; oil; border disputes • Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990; UN economic sanctions; US and Arab countries bombed in 1991 • South Africa • March 1991: mandate to end White-minority rule • 1994: Black people vote: African National Congress (ANC) won majority of seats in parliament, Nelson Mandela president

  5. Events in the USA in the ‘90s • Terrorism • ‘93: car bomb in underground parking garage in World Trade Center • ‘96: truck bomb outside of U.S. military barracks • ‘97: 2 U.S. embassies in Africa bombed • ‘95: Oklahoma City bombing • ‘99: Columbine High Shooting • Dr. Jack Kevorkian • Assisted suicide • Guilty verdict in ‘99 • ‘91 & ’92: Race Riots in Los Angeles • ‘98: Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky • ‘97: MiCASSA (Medicaid Community Attendant Services and Supports Act) first introduced to Congress • Still not passed

  6. Key Events in the 2000s worldwide United states • Nuclear Weapons • Russia and US reduced • Fear shifts to other powers (Asia & Middle East) • “Era of Globalization”? • Transculturation: merging and converging of cultures • Globalization= Westerniztion/ Americanization? • Terrorism • Africa: AIDS/HIV • 2000 election results: George W. Bush & Al Gore • Refugees & illegal immigrants • September 11, 2001 • War on Terror • Iraq: weapons of mass destruction, Sadaam Hussein • Hurricane Katrina • 2007: Virginia Tech shooting • President Obama • Healthcare & ethics

  7. Trends in Occupational Therapy Global Trend Cultural Awareness and New Roles Impact of the ADA Occupational Justice Focus on Prevention The Virtual Context Influence of Technology on OT Practice

  8. Global trend • World Occupational Therapy Day launched on October 27th 2010.  • Awareness • Funds • Start of OT in other countries • Georgia • Chile • Uganda • Egypt

  9. Cultural Awareness and New Roles • More aware of different cultures • Rising number of immigrants • Eg. The spirit catches you and you fall down • War Veterans (Gulf War, Iraq War, etc.) • OT’s role in Natural disasters • Planning and preparation • Post disaster • Examples: • Ensuring accessibility for all • Organize daily routines in displaced persons camps • Facilitating recovery with everyday occupations

  10. Impact of the ADA • ‘90: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) passed • Also: Education for All Handicapped Children Act amended & renamed Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) • ‘95: Helen L. v. Snider • U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that publicly funded institutionalization of a disabled woman in a nursing home violates her rights under the ADA since not medically necessary and state could offer her home care • ‘97: Medicaid Community Attendant Services and Supports Act (MiCASSA) introduced • proposed shifts in the proportion of Medicaid long-term care dollars spent in community and institutional services • national program of community-based attendant services and supports for people with disabilities • Independent Living • Universal Design

  11. Occupational Justice Image taken from: http://lolgal13.blogspot.com/2010/10/to-kill-mockingbird-anticipation-guide.html • Engagement in occupation as a right • Arose in the mid- 1990’s • Relationship between health outcomes and sociopolitical/cultural determinants (Wilcock, 1993) • Enabling client empowerment through occupation (Townsend, 1993) • Rise in Advocacy

  12. Focus on Prevention Images taken from: http://empirestatephtc.org/videos.cfm ; http://www.aota.org/Practitioners/Awareness/School-Backpack-Awareness.aspx http://blackboard.bu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_id=_2_1&url=%2fwebapps%2fblackboard%2fexecute%2flauncher%3ftype%3dCourse%26id%3d_36330_1%26url%3d • Well-Elderly Study (Clark et al., 1997) • Concept of “Lifestyle Redesign” • Public Health Concerns • Backpack Awareness Day • Bullying

  13. The Virtual Context • Utilization of the virtual context has increased dramatically • Use of facebook and twitter to increase OT awareness and promote the profession • Availability of Skype, googledocs, and wikispaces all allow for expanded professional development and involvement ex: World OT Day virtual 24 hour conference

  14. Influence of Technology on OT Practice • “Wii-habilitation” has been used in many different research studies • Literature shows that the Wii is being implemented in hospital, rehab, and school settings, with clients with CP, Parkinson’s disease, motor delays, and many other diagnoses • Used to reach therapeutic goals such as increasing strength, endurance, ROM, and the building of social relationships • Clients engaging in Wii-habilitation are also more motivated and willing to participate in therapeutic activities for a longer time

  15. Models and Theories Used in Occupational Therapy Focuses of Practice Other Models

  16. Focuses of Practice Evidence Based Practice Person-Environment-Occupation Interaction (PEO) Occupation Centered Practice International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Client Centered Practice

  17. Client-Centered Practice Image taken from: http://hellolindsey.com/projects/shilo1.html • Understanding Client’s Environment/Context • Family as client • Collaborative Approach • Therapy as a Narrative Process (Mattingly, 1994) • Growth of Occupational Storytelling • Occupational Storymaking(Clark, 1993)

  18. Other Models • New and emerging models • Toglia’sMulticontext Approach to Perceptual Cognitive Impairments • Motor control and Motor learning Models of Practice • Other models being redefined/developed • Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers • Handwriting problems of children • Premature infants • Hospice care • Autism Spectrum Disorders • Trend towards more… • Wellness models of practice • Models for public health • Hospital based models

  19. Vision for the Profession Slagle Lectures Centennial Vision New Directions of the Centennial Vision Job Opportunities

  20. Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecturers • 2011: Karen Jacobs • 2010: Janice P. Burke • 2009: Kay Schwartz • 2008: Wendy Coster • 2007: Jim Hinojosa • 2006: Betty RisteenHasselkus • 2005: Suzanne M. Peloquin • 2004: Ruth Zemke • 2003: Charlotte BrasicRoyeen • 2001: Winnie Dunn • 2000: Margo B. Holm • 1999: Charles H. Christiansen • 1998: Anne G. Fisher • 1996: David Nelson • 1995: Catherine A. Trombly • 1994: Ann P. Grady • 1993: Florence Clark • No lectures in 2002, 1997, 1992, and 1991

  21. Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecturers • 2011: Karen Jacobs  • 2010: Janice P. Burke • 2009: Kay Schwartz • 2008: Wendy Coster • 2007: Jim Hinojosa • 2006: Betty RisteenHasselkus • 2005: Suzanne M. Peloquin • 2004: Ruth Zemke • 2003: Charlotte BrasicRoyeen • 2001: Winnie Dunn • 2000: Margo B. Holm • 1999: Charles H. Christiansen • 1998: Anne G. Fisher • 1996: David Nelson  • 1995: Catherine A. Trombly • 1994: Ann P. Grady • 1993: Florence Clark • No lectures in 2002, 1997, 1992, and 1991

  22. Centennial Vision “We envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science-driven, and evidence-based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society’s occupational needs” AOTA goals by 2017 Want to be able to improve the health and well-being of the broader society, become more creative innovators, and promote membership in AOTA as part of professional responsibility Expanding research, increasing advocacy, and the creation of model curriculums for OT and OTA programs

  23. Centennial Vision • Parallels with the Founding Vision give practitioners a sense of continuity with earlier generations of OTs • The Founding Vision states: “The particular objects for which the occupation is formed are as follows: The advancement of occupation as a therapeutic measure, for the study of the effect of occupation upon the human being, and for the scientific dispensation of this knowledge” • Founding vision was created by Susan Cox Johnson, George Edward Barton, Eleanor Clarke Slagle, William Rush DuntonJr, Isabelle Newton Barton, and Thomas B. Kinder at the 1917 meeting of NSPOT • Major shared focuses between the Founding and Centennial visions: • Successful promotion of occupation as a vital force to meet society’s needs • Engagement in and dissemination of scientific research that supports the effectiveness of occupational therapy

  24. New Directions of the Centennial Vision • Major points of the Centennial Vision which differ from the Founding Vision • Active engagement in research, rather than an aspiration to involve the profession • Incorporation of a social perspective into the view of engagement in occupations • Linking OT in the U.S. to the global community, with the goal of the each country’s practice and research supporting and informing one another

  25. Why are we MSOT students? • April 1998 ACOTE meeting • developed position statement urging post-baccalaureate study for occupational therapists • AOTA’s April 1999 Annual Conference & Expo • Eventually require post-baccalaureate entry-level occupational therapy education • August 1999 ACOTE meeting • voted that professional entry-level occupational therapy programs must be offered at the post-baccalaureate level by January 1, 2007 to receive or maintain ACOTE accreditation status.

  26. Job Opportunities • Job demand is increasing • Increase 26 percent between 2008 to 2018—significantly faster than other fields • Increased demand in early intervention programs due to Disabilities Education Improvement Act • Baby boom generation retires • Median Salary : $69,630 in 2009

  27. Image from: http://memekatie.wordpress.com/2010/06/13/13610-the-birth-of-my-little-one/

  28. References

  29. Questions?

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