1 / 24

Chapter 17: the united states in world war

Chapter 17: the united states in world war. How can you connect this to wwii soldiers?. Mobolizing for defense: Section One. AMERICANS JOIN THE WAR EFFORT After Pearl Harbor, eager Americans rushed to recruiting offices

studs
Download Presentation

Chapter 17: the united states in world war

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter17: the united states in world war How can you connect this to wwii soldiers?

  2. Mobolizing for defense: Section One • AMERICANS JOIN THE WAR EFFORT • After Pearl Harbor, eager Americans rushed to recruiting offices • Selective Service Act drafted fifteen million for a two-front war; trained for eight weeks • General George C. Marshall and the Women’s Auxiliary Corps (WAAC)* • Many ethnicities question the value of this war due to the following reasons* • Despite problems, 300,000 Mexican Americans, one million African Americans, 46,000 Asian Americans, 25,000 Native Americans serve

  3. Mobolizing for defense • A PRODUCTION MIRACLE • Nations car factories, now, build tanks, planes, boats, and command cars • Other factories followed suit • Shipyards and defense plants grow—built a Liberty ship in four days • Six million women join workforce—bosses reluctant*

  4. Mobolizing for defense • Women still earning less than men • Two million minority workers; not hired at first • A. Phillip Randolph* • Negotiates with FDR—Randolph promises to cancel march and Roosevelt issues an executive order on equality

  5. Mobolizing for defense • Scientists are hiredimproved radar and sonar; use DDT as a bug repellant; used penicillin for pain relief • Begin work on the atomic bomb due to secret revealed by Einstein* • Manhattan Project* • THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TAKES CONTROL • Office of Price Administration* • Govt. raised taxes to prevent people from buying scarce goods • Encouraged Americans to buy war bonds • War Production Board*

  6. Mobolizing for defense • Organized drives to collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags, and cooking fat • Rationing* • Meat, milk, shoes, sugar, and coffee are most popular

  7. The war for europe and north africa: SECTION TWO • THE UNITED STATES AND BRITAIN JOIN FORCES • Churchill meets with Roosevelt in D.C.; takes three weeks; convinces Roosevelt that Germany and Italy are big threat • Helps to make a solid friendship • THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC • 1942 Hitler orders subs to attack ships on American east coast • Two purposes* • 681 Allied ships lost—we use the convoy system* • Also, mass produced more ships than they could sink; ends mid 1943

  8. THE WAR FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA • THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD • Soviet Union invaded since 1941 • Summer of 1942—Hitler wants an industrial center called Stalingrad • Luftwaffe nightly bombs—nearly every wooden building in flames • Soviet officers idea and Stalin’s response*

  9. The war for europe and north africa • Germans begin taking over homes with hand-to-hand combat • End of Sept. they control most of city, but winter sets in • Soviets use two strong forms of defense* • Hitler refuses to give up; German commander ends up surrendering • Soviets lose 1,100,000 soldiers, but this is a turning point*

  10. THE WAR FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA • THE NORTH AFRICAN FRONT • During Stalingrad, Stalin asks Allies to open up a second front in Western Europe • Instead, send Dwight Eisenhower to North Africa* • Chased the Afrika Corps and Erwin Rommel from Nov. 42’ to May 43’surrendered • THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN • Stalin and Churchill meet again and agree to unconditional surrender* • Have a quick take over of Sicily; Mussolini forced to resign and is arrested; Hitler puts up strong resistance until 45’

  11. THE WAR FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA • D-DAY • Eisenhower leads Operation Overlord • Eisenhower sets up a ghost army and a fake message—sets up in Calais to fake Germans out • Hitler orders a large army there • Canadian, British, and American troops land on Normandy • D-Day*

  12. THE WAR FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA • After seven days of gruesome battle, the Allies held 80 miles of beachfront • Omar Bradley* • George Patton* • Sept. 44’ France is liberated after four years; helps to re-elect Roosevelt for a fourth term with Truman as VP • BATTLE OF THE BULGE • After the American take-over of its first German city, Hitler orders a last-ditch offensive • Under the cover of fog, German forces able to break weak American defenses along 80 mile front

  13. The war for europe and north africa • Battle of the Bulge* • Battle lasts for a month • Not much changes except for the fact that the Germans could not replace the loss of 120,000 troops, 600 tanks and assault guns, and 1,600 planes • Allied troops are pushing from east, west, and south • Concentration camps liberated pg. 576

  14. The war for europe and northern africa • April 25th, 1945 Soviets are closing in on Berlin • April 29th Hitler creates a final address* • The suicide • V-E Day* • Harry S. Truman*

  15. THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC: SECTION THREE • THE ALLIES STEM THE JAPANESE TIDE • Japan had conquered Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake Island, the Solomon Islands, and most of China • In the Philippines, American forces are being overranFDR orders MacArthur to leave* • General Doolittle bombed Tokyo—lifts spirits of Americans • Battle of the Coral Sea* • Chester Nimitz and The Battle of Midway* • This led to “island hopping” to get closer to the mainland

  16. THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC • THE ALLIES GO ON THE OFFENSIVE • 19,000 troops storm Guadalcanal; Japanese left after six months; Japan’s first defeat on land • 178,000 troops land on the Gulf of Leyte in Philippines with General MacArthur • Japanese use kamikazes* • Despite loss of our ships, in three days, they lost three battleships, four aircraft carriers, thirteen cruisers, and 500 planes

  17. The war in the pacific • Iwo Jima, “the sulfur island” important to U.S.* • 6,000 marines die and only 200 Japanese survive • Next move is Okinawa—face kamikazes • Lasts several months—heavy casualties for U.S., more so for Japan

  18. THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC • THE ATOMIC BOMB ENDS THE WAR • J. Robert Oppenhiemer* • 600,000 working on it and few knew its purpose • Tested one in desert area of New Mexico • Truman warned Japan on July 25th to surrender • Hiroshima* • Nagasaki* • September 2nd, 1945Japan surrenders

  19. The war in the pacific • REBUILDING BEGINS • Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill meet in Feb. 1945 in Yalta • All agree to divide Germany into four zones for the British, French, Americans, and Soviets • Stalin promises free elections in Poland and other Eastern countries • Promises to help fight against Japan and joins the UN • Nuremberg trials* • 12 of 24 sentenced to death; other 12 get prison time • Japan becomes occupied by MacArthur to rebuild economy over seven years; Tojo with seven others are sentenced to death

  20. THE HOME FRONT: Section Four • OPPORTUNITY AND ADJUSTMENT • End of WWII, U.S. became world’s most dominant economic and military power • During war years, unemployment fell, wages had risen, and people saved money • Farmers had good weather for production and new fertilizers and equipment led to farm income tripling • Many worked in defense plants; were paid more than traditional jobs • Towns with defense industries saw increase; African Americans move from South to North

  21. The Home Front • Mothers faced having to raise children on own with fathers away • While at work, neighbors or child-care took care of kids—led to delinquency • Marriages increased as people rushed to do this before the war • GI Bill* • DISCRIMINATION AND REACTION • James Farmer and Congress of Racial Equality* • Racial tensions began to buildexample would be Detroit

  22. The home front • Summer 1943—some Mexican American youth chose to wear “zoot suits”* • 11 sailors reported they were attacked by youth in zoot suits • Civilians and servicemen filed into Mexican neighborhoods and started beating them for a week • INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS • Fear and uncertainty after Pearl Harbor causes prejudice

  23. The home front • Early 42’ some of the population of Hawaii sent to internment* • In CA, one percent of pop. was Japanese and newspapers began to develop anti-Japanese stories • Feb. 19, 1942 FDR signs an order to remove people of Japanese ancestry from California, Washington, Oregon, and Arizona

  24. THE HOME FRONT • 110,000 sent to “relocation centers” in the middle of nowhere • The Nisei* • Forced to sell their homes, businesses, and personal belongings for less than value • Japanese American Citizen League*

More Related