1 / 84

CHAPTER 28

International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999. CHAPTER 28 . Key Events. World War I 1914-1918 Russian Revolution 1917 Period of United States Isolation 1919-1939 Great Depression 1929-1939 Japanese Invasion of Manchuria 1931 Nazi Rise to Power 1933

kirk
Download Presentation

CHAPTER 28

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999 CHAPTER 28

  2. Key Events • World War I 1914-1918 • Russian Revolution 1917 • Period of United States Isolation 1919-1939 • Great Depression 1929-1939 • Japanese Invasion of Manchuria 1931 • Nazi Rise to Power 1933 • Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 • World War II Begins 1939 • Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939 • Formation of Axis Powers 1940

  3. Key Events Cont. • Fall of France 1940 • Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor 1941 • German invasion of Soviet Union 1941 • Invasion of France by Allies 1944 • U.S. drops Atom Bomb on Japan 1945 • End of WWII 1945 • United Nations established 1945 • Cold War begun between 1947 United States and U.S.S.R.

  4. More Key Events • Formation of NATO 1949 • Korean War 1950-1953 • Diminution of Cold War 1960 • Cuban missile Crisis 1963 • U.S. and Vietnam War 1964-1973 • End of Cold War 1989

  5. Pre-World War 1 map

  6. Pre World War I • Sense of Internationalization was present that was also countered by the presence of rising Nationalization. • For example in 1894 the Geneva Convention established the Red Cross(international agency for humanitarian service in wartime). • Internationalization led to a World Court that was established in Hague rules on conflicts in areas of economic rights and boundary questions.

  7. Internationalization • Helps Facilitate World Trade • International Mailing system • Held a unified treatment of P.O.W.’s and a standard set of rules for war. • Relied heavily on Western dominance and control of empires. • Nationalism was also rising at the same time. • Led to fierce competition between rival nations in the Olympic Games, originally an international forum. Pro’s Con’s

  8. Causes of World War I

  9. Causes Cont. • Social tensions were relieved by military growth such as battleship building rivalry between Britain and Germany. • Most of the world’s available territory had already been carved up. • Alliances between nations were forged as Austria and Serbia were brought to war by the death of Archduke Ferdinand

  10. The Opposing Forces in The Great War • Triple Entente- alliance between France, Britain, and Russia. • Italy, Japan, and the United States later joined the war. • Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. • Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria later joined, as Italy left. The Allies Central Powers

  11. Major Fronts of European War • Eastern Front- took place in the western portions of Russia, also spread to the Balkans where Austria crushed Serbia. In this front German Armies fought Russian Forces. This is where most of the fighting took place. • Western Front- Northern France, was full of trenches that prevented advancing forces. Was where German troops fought against French and British Defenders.

  12. Other Fronts of War • Italian Front– developed between the Italians and the Austrians due to Italian wanting more territory • Naval Front- German surface fleet was held back by the British for most of the war, but German Submarines played havoc for most of the war. • Submarine Warfare- was about German attacking U.S. Ships bringing people and supplies to Britain. This led to America’s entry into the war in 1970.

  13. Advances During WWI • Introduction of: Artillery, Flamethrowers, Machine guns, barbed-wire fence, and the use of poison gas. • Tanks were introduced in 1915, but was then was brought up again in larger more advanced sums in WWII • Mobile X-Ray machines, Blood transfusions, organ transplants, and new drugs, and discover of DNA.

  14. Map of Europe in 1917

  15. How the War Affected the World • Led to growth of Government. Ex. Industrial Sectors like railroads were controlled by U.S. Government. • The executive branch in Government took over parliamentary to the extent that in Germany, a top general ran the country. • Media Was Censored creating British, American, and German Propaganda. • Even spying took hold new hold, Mata Hari, for example was executed by the French because they thought she was spying for the Germans.

  16. The War Outside of Europe • Canada, Australia, and New Zealand were brought into the war due to British Alliance. • The war also made the U.S. a major world power, however was not taking a side due to disagreement of which side was correct, but profited from the war by selling goods. • In 1917, the States joined the war due to Germans attacking American naval ships. • With the Americans, the tide turned for the Triple Entente.

  17. Combatants in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East • The war used Africans by the French Against the Germans that led to the introduction of the Pan-African Nationalist Congress in 1919. • Japan and China also joined the war Declaring war on Germany which led to a prominent Japanese role in Chinese land. • The Ottomans joined Germany, which weakened the Ottoman Empire. • Led to Europe’s decrease influence and power in the world.

  18. World War I Losses • At the end of the war, the number of known dead was placed at about 10 million men and the wounded at about 20 million. • The direct cost of was about $180 Billion, and indirect cost at $151.612 billion

  19. The War's End • Russia. In March 1917, a revolution toppled the tsarist government. • Led to the Brest-Litovsk Treaty where Germany gained more land than necessary, overextended Germany, in return for peace in Russia. • A new civilian government was emplaced to blame in Germany, which was led by socialists who then had no other option but to sue for peace in November 1918.

  20. Peace and the Following… • All the Victors of War met at Versailles, where they debated the fate of Europe and the rest of the world, Germany, and Russia were not represented. • Led to the creation of the League of Nations by Woodrow Wilson, that was to deal with future disputes and make war unnecessary. • Isolationism was prominent in America, that led to fears of the future… • Japan took over much of China. • Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed as nationalist uprisings carved out new nations.

  21. Peace and Aftermath cont. • Germany lost much of its territory as Poland was revived, and to France as well. • Germany was also blamed for the cause of the war, and faced large reparation payment to the Allies. What do you think this led to? • Russia became communist after its revolution in 1917, lost much of its territory, and was also ignored in the treaty of Versailles.

  22. Post World War 1 Map in 1923

  23. True effects of the War to End all Wars • It weakened Europe by the loss of more than 10 Million person. • France and Serbia lost more than ten percent of their population… • The population loss meant that there was a lower birth rate. • War rampaged the industrial sector, and led to postwar instability that ended momentarily in 1923. • Inflation was also a result of this expenditure of government spending.

  24. Cont. of the Effect of the War • Japanese and American businesspeople had gotten into European Export markets which hurt Europe’s recovery. • Britain as a result never recovered its export position which it depended on, and the U.S. debts complicated its economy even more. • The League of Nations, which Woodrow Wilson wasn’t even a part of, was rendered useless, resulting in diplomacy between nations instead of unions. • All disarmament ideas were discussed but only discussed.

  25. The Great Depression 1930s-1940s

  26. Causes of the Great Depression • New problems in the industrial economy of Europe and the United States. • There was inflation in Germany. • Great Britain recovered slowly after the war, but lost it’s holding on exports due to American and Japanese traders.

  27. Causes of the Great Depression Cont. • Farmers in the western world faced chronic overproduction of food. • The mixture of American borrowing for new farming equipment, European production, combined with European Importation spelled doom. • Colonies and non-colonies also suffered as production exceeded the demand. • Governments did not provide good leadership after the crisis of the 1920s

  28. The Collapse • The Depression began formally in October of 1929, when the New York stock market crashed. • Stock values fell, which led to the fall of banks which depended heavily on stocks. • The ripple effect could even be felt in Austria and Germany. • This led to a fall in production of capital goods as much as one third by 1932. • It fed on itself as it grew more from 1929 to 1933

  29. The Worldwide Impact of the Crash • Almost all nations were affected by the crash, however the U.S.S.R. was busy promoting socialism in one country that cut off all economic ties with other nations. • For the rest of the world, production fell and incomes dwindled, greatly impacting unemployment, and all nations that produce foods and raw materials. • Japan, Latin America, and Germany were all hit hard with Japanese exports falling 50%, and Nazism taking a role in German. • This created a sense of weakness and confusion witin and outside policy circles, all this confusion let to……..

  30. Doesn’t believe in Dong Believes in Dongism

  31. The Pre-World War II Concepts • The war broke out in 1939, however, it was beginning throughout all the 1930s. • There was military expansion throughout this time period in both Japan and Germany. • Suspicion of the USSR was also afoot, making nationalism more and more prominent.

  32. WORLD WAR II (1939-1945)

  33. The New Players • Japan rose to become an ultranationalist government with some anti-western ideals and pro nazi-style authoritarian government. • Benito Mussolini was like Hitler, a fascist, and was Italian. • Adolf Hitler began to change the way Germany was going with the Nation Socialist Party and took power in 1933

  34. The Sides of WWII • Germany • Japan • Italy (1940-43) • Hungary(1941-45) • Romania(1941-1944) • Bulgaria(1941-44) • Soviet Union(1941-45) • United States(1941-45) • United Kingdom • China(1937-45) • France • Poland • Canada • Australia • New Zealand • South Africa The Axis Powers The Allies

  35. Japan in the Formation • In this era, China was still recovering from its 1911 revolution. • Japan began dominating Manchuria since its victory over Russia in 1905. • The true takeover of Manchuria was in 1931 when the Japanese army came and claimed it an independent state • This resulted in the Japanese withdrawal from the League of Nations.

  36. Japan’s Turf

  37. The Nazi’s Growth • The National Socialist(Nazi), led by ADOLF HITLER, started to gain strength in the 1920s. • Their growth was due to great leadership of Hitler, the economic promises the Nazi party held, and their aggressive foreign policy for expansion • When officially in power in 1933 Hitler abolished the parliamentary government and established a totalitarian government. • All of this led to a German War Machine that created new jobs, and a strong army. This led Germany out of the Great Depression.

  38. Hitler’s Allies • Hitler did not limit himself only to Germany… He also had some friends. • Benito Mussolini was like Hitler, he had an aggressive foreign policy, and dreamed of new nationalist glories. • All this formation of alliances could be seen as a trend… • A goal of global domination, extreme nationalism, and need of new territory could only result in one thing.

  39. War for Dummies • Step 1- Hitler first suspended reparation payments. • Step 2- Began rearming Germany. • Step 3- Mussolini attacked Ethiopia in 1935. • Step 4- Attack Czechoslovakia. • Step 5- Munich “Conference”. • Step - Start World War 2. • Step 6- Take over the world.

  40. The Buildup toward WW2 • 1936-Germany joined the Spanish revolution on the side of the authoritarians, gaining military training • 1938-Hitler created a union with Austria with the Anschluss. • 1938-Munich Conference, prevented war between the Germans, French and British for the moment.

  41. The two areas of Conflict • Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany against the United Kingdom, United States, and Soviet Union. • From Invasion of Poland in September 1, 1939-May 8th, 1945 V-E Day. • Japan, Thailand, Manchukuo Versus the United States, Philippines, Republic of China and United Kingdom. • Invasion of Manchuria in September 19th 1931- official surrender of Japan on USS Missouri in Tokyo By in August 15th 1945. European Front Pacific Front

  42. The Dawn of War in Europe • 1939-Germany took over all of Czechoslovakia and began taking over Poland • September 1, 1939-Hitler’s attack on Poland risked war, but did not begin it. • In response, France and Britain were forced to declare war to stop the German war machine.

  43. The Atlantic Front • War was already occurring in China between the Japanese and Chinese armies. • 1937-Skirmishes in Beijing between Japanese and Chinese • This fighting was unplanned as Japanese war leaders did not want to fight. • From that resulted a stalemate until 1945

  44. The Dynamic Trio • In September 1940, Italy, Germany and Japan signed a Tripartite Pact. • This created a formal alliance between Germany and Japan against their true rival… U.S. • However, Japan and Germany did not work closely, Japan did not help invade the U.S.S.R.

  45. The European Reaction • From 1937-1939 France and Britain were still suffering from WWI, and were uneasy of joining another war. • They also did not know whether to join the Soviets or Germany. • By 1938 Britain barely began preparing for war, but they were too late…

More Related