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Design and Implementation of Neuromodulation and Neural Prostheses devices

Grand Challenges in Neural Engineering Repairing or Reversing Damage to the Nervous System Neural Prostheses and NeuroModulation Dominique Durand, Ali Rezai and Hunter Peckham. Design and Implementation of Neuromodulation and Neural Prostheses devices Mechanisms at the interface

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Design and Implementation of Neuromodulation and Neural Prostheses devices

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  1. Grand Challenges in Neural EngineeringRepairing or Reversing Damage to the Nervous SystemNeural Prostheses and NeuroModulationDominique Durand, Ali Rezai and Hunter Peckham • Design and Implementation of Neuromodulation and Neural Prostheses devices • Mechanisms at the interface • Study Design and Patient selection Variables • Implement Effective Translation of Ideas into the Clinic

  2. Design and Implementation of Neuromodulation and Neural Prostheses • Design prostheses with zero-cognitive load: voluntary control of artificial limbs that utilize patient-friendly human factor design. • Provide users with real-time sensory feedback to control a limb function using decoding algorithms based on physiological neural codes • Design adaptive technology that responds to patient changes in addition to the changes or adaptive responses that occur in the nervous system • Develop neurotechnology devices compatible with their environment including biochemical, mechanical and electromagnetic interference.

  3. Design and Implementation of Neuromodulation and Neural Prostheses • Need to standardize the team approach towards study design variables, including patient selection and eligibility, intractable and disabled nature of the patient condition, multidisciplinary team requirement to clinical as well as ethical and regulatory issues. Cleveland FES Center • Outcome measures: How do we define success? Studies should employ standardized scales quantifying the disease as well as including quality of life, costs, return to occupational and social functioning.

  4. Mechanisms at the Interface: • What are the mechanisms of interaction between neural tissue and implanted devices ? • How does electrical stimulation affect biological tissues ? • How are the therapeutic effects mediated? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7867724.stm • Is it possible to record both normal and abnormal neuro-chemical activity on a large number of channels at once and can the neural be decoded to design effective closed-loop systems? • Are there effective animal models to be used in synergy with human studies to elucidate the mechanisms of neuromodulation. • How can we best exploit the potential of plasticity in rehabilitation and known plasticity within the tissue to improve the tissue response and device response? • :

  5. Study Design and Patient selection Variables TECHNICAL ILLUSTRATION: BRYAN CHRISTIE • Solve the funding gap problem and design a scheme to promote early and effective collaboration between academia & industry • Decrease the burden of tests on academia and shift it to national resources facilities such as FDA. Create a national animal model and testing facility to scale up the testing of neuro-technologies. • Integrate research between neuroscientists, clinicians and engineers to maximize the expertise • Increase funding for projects involving smaller numbers of patients • Design neurotechnology for therapy AND prevention. • Address the acute, sub-acute and the chronic elements of a disorder • Emphasize the emerging role of novel technologies • Place additional focus onnon-invasive neurotechnologies • Implement a neurotechnology research consortium

  6. Obstacles Tissue Response Multiplexing Animal Models Hermeticity Mechanisms of Effects V. S. Polikov et al, Response of brain tissue to chronically implanted neural electrodes Journal of Neuroscience Methods 148 (2005) 1–18

  7. Future Directions and Challenges • In Industry: • Market for neurotechnology products will reach $8.8 billion in 2012. The largest segment of the market for neurotechnology is currently neuromodulation, followed by neural prostheses, and neurosensing. http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/83cfae/the_market_for_neu • In Academia: • Research: • Surface modification to hide prosthetic device from tissue • Implantation of sealed flexible hybrid biological and silicon circuits • Multiple channel implant to restore function in CNS_PNS • Determination of the mechanisms of neuromodulation • Methodology: • Integration of neuromolecular biology, • nano-technology and neuroprosthetics • Design ROBUST prosthetics • Develop non-invasive methododology • Clinical: • Translate simple but effective • high impact neuroprostheses M Merz, P. Fromherz, Silicon Chip Interfaced with a geometrically defined set of snail neurons, Adv Func Mat. 2005 Alan Murray, head of Edinburgh University http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7867724.stm

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