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How does adding and removing liquid from socket bladders affect residual-limb fluid volume?. Joan E. Sanders, PhD; John C. Cagle, BSE; Daniel S. Harrison; Timothy R. Myers, MME; Kathryn J. Allyn, CPO. Aim
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How does adding and removing liquid from socket bladders affect residual-limb fluid volume? Joan E. Sanders, PhD; John C. Cagle, BSE; Daniel S. Harrison; Timothy R. Myers, MME; Kathryn J. Allyn, CPO
Aim • Determine how adding and removing liquid from socket bladders affects residual-limb fluid volume. • Relevance • Adding and removing liquid from socket bladders allows people with limb loss to accommodate residual-limb volume change.
Method • 19 people with transtibial amputation were fit with fluid bladders on inside socket surface. • Subjects sat, stood, and walked for 90 s with bladder liquid: • Added. • Removed. • Bladder liquid amount increased each cycle. • Bioimpedance analysis measured residual-limb fluid volume.
Results • Preferred bladder liquid volume: • 16.8 8.4 mL, corresponding with 1.7% 0.8% of average socket volume between bioimpedance voltage-sensing electrodes. • Fluid volume driven out of residual limb when bladder liquid was added was typically not recovered on later bladder liquid removal. • 15 subjects had gradual residual-limb fluid volume loss over test session.
Conclusion • Care should be taken when implementing adjustable socket technologies in people with limb loss. • Reducing socket volume may accentuate residual-limb fluid volume loss.