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Beyond Lumières/ Méliès. Early French Cinema Industry Vertical integration WWI French Art Cinema Impressionism Le Septième Art Questions of Nationalism Imports and co-productions. Production, Distribution, Exhibition. Pathé Frères Charles Pathé Ferdinand Zecca
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Beyond Lumières/ Méliès • Early French Cinema Industry • Vertical integration • WWI • French Art Cinema • Impressionism • Le Septième Art • Questions of Nationalism • Imports and co-productions
Production, Distribution, Exhibition • Pathé Frères • Charles Pathé • Ferdinand Zecca • Fairgrounds => Nickelodeons • Outsourced production • Gaumont • Léon Gaumont • Alice Guy • Louis Feuillade
Pathé Set design Visual homogeneity More liberal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLNoey5am58 (“Promenade au Soudan”) Gaumont On-location Expressive visuality More liberated http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJ5blN4cgao&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL (“Miss Dundee”) Case Study:Pathé vs. Gaumont
Early French Cinema • Exhibition program • Contents themes and genres • Film language • Stars • Max Linder
Before WWI • Declined foothold in US market • Independent companies • MCPP regulations • US competition on home soil
WWI and Aftermath • Loss of lives • Restrictions on the export market • Restrictions on capital and material • American and Italian imports
Rise of the Art Cinema • Case Study: Abel Gance • Cine-club movement • Impressionism • Case Study: Jean Epstein • Other “isms”
Case Study: Abel Gance • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O58GMFjwqd4 (Kristin Thompson on La Roue) • Technological experiments • Rhythmic editing • Influenced Russian Montage • Polyvision • Superimposition, split screen, triptych • Close-up • Politics masked in melodrama
Cine-Club Movement • Louis Delluc and Germaine Dulac • Critics, filmmakers, champions for the cause • Film Clubs • Le Septième Art
Impressionism • Characteristics • Close-ups • Camera Movement • Optical Devices • Spatial/Temporal Displacement • Nonlinear Editing • Jean Epstein • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQ8e8Qr9w1Q (La Coeur Fidèle Carnival Scene) • In class activity
Other “isms” • Modernist movements • Fleeting nature vs. lingering influences • Surrealism • Dadaism
Questions of National Identity • International influences and co-productions • Distinct “Frenchness” vs. international no man’s land • An issue revisited during the Nazi Occupation and Vichy government post WWII (Cinema du Qualité and later the Young Turks’ rejection of it)