Part 1

1. Part 1 Getting Started

2. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Chinese Proverb

3. Why Study Public Speaking? • Empowerment • Employment “ I will pay more for a person’s ability to speak and express himself than for any other quality he might possess.” Charles M. Schwab

4. Speaking & Conversation • Public Speaking is planned • Public Speaking is formal • The roles of public speakers & the audiences are clearly defined

5. The Communication Process MESSAGE FEEDBACK RECEIVER

6. The Speaker- the originator of the communication message • Message- ideas and feelings presented to an audience through words, sound, and action symbols that are selected and organized by the speaker and interpreted by members of the audience. • The Speech- contains the message

7. Encoding- the process of transforming ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and actions • Decoding- the process of transforming messages back into ideas and feelings • The Channel- both the route traveled by the message and the means of transportation (Visual & Auditory) • The Audience- your entire reason for speaking • The Context- the interrelated conditions of communication

8. Physical Setting- the location, time of day, light, temperature, distance between communicators, and seating arrangement. • Historical setting-previous communication episodes • Psychological Setting- the manner in which people perceive both themselves and those with whom they communicate

9. Noise- any stimulus that gets in the way of sharing meanings • External Noise- sights, sounds, and other stimuli that interfere with intended meaning • Internal Noise- thoughts and feelings that interfere with meaning • Semantic noise- alternate meanings aroused by speaker • Feedback- verbal/non-verbal responses to message

10. Vocabulary • Elocution- the expression of emotion through posture, movement, gestures, facial expression, and voice. • Declamation- The delivery of already famous address. • Rhetoric- the use of words and symbols to achieve a goal

11. Speaking Ethically

12. ETHICS • Beliefs, values, and moral principles by which people determine what is right or wrong • Free speech? (Must be balanced by responsibility to speak ethically)

13. SPEAKING ETHICALLY • HAVE A CLEAR, RESPONSIBLE GOAL • USE SOUND EVIDENCE & REASONING • BE SENSITIVE & TOLERANT OF DIFFERENCES • BE HONEST • AVOID PLAGIARISM & PLAGIAPHRASING

14. DO YOUR OWN WORK • ACKNOWLEDGE YOUR SOURCES

15. VOCABULARY • Ethnocentrism: self culture is superior to others • Cultural Intelligence: Skilled & flexible

16. Listening

17. Seven laws to better listening • Spend more time listening • Find interest in the other person • Stay out of the way • Listen to what people mean between the lines • Make notes • Assume the proper stance • Be aware of your filters

18. We spend more time listening than reading, writing, and speaking. • Hearing is a physiological process that occurs when you’re in the vicinity of vibration. It is basically a passive process occurs without any attention or effort on your part.

19. I. The Listening Process (stimuli) Receiving Responding Under- standing (back-channeling cues or feedback) (assign meaning) Evaluating Remembering (pos. or neg.) (reconstructive)

20. II. Listening, Culture, Gender A. Effects: • Speech • Nonverbal Behaviors • Direct and Indirect Styles • Credibility • Feedback

21. III. Styles ofEffective Listening • Participatory and Passive Passive listening – listening that is attentive and supportive but occurs without talking and without directing the speaker in any nonverbal way. Also used negatively to refer to inattentive an uninvolved listening.

22. A. Purposes of Active Listening • Increases Accuracy • Validation of Others Feelings • Prompts the Speaker to Explore Their Own Thoughts & Feelings

23. B. Techniques • Paraphrase Speaker’s Meaning • 2. Express Understanding of Speaker’s Feelings • 3. Ask Questions

24. B. Empathic and Objective • Empathic listening – listening that warrants that you feel and see what speaker feels and sees. • Objective Listening- the ability to gather information beyond what you see and hear.

25. Non-judgmental listening-and listening with an open mind. • Critical listening- listening to evaluate the quality, value, appropriateness and importance of what you hear.

26. STYLES,CONT’D • PEOPLE ORIENTED • THEY EXPRESS FEELINGS & EMOTIONS • ARE HIGHLY EMPATHETIC • SEEK COMMON GROUND • ACTION ORIENTED • INFORMATION WELL ORGANIZED • EVIDENCE

27. CONTENT ORIENTED • PREFER COMPLEX INFORMATION • DETAILS • MAKE GOOD LAWYERS/JUDGES • TIME ORIENTED • SUCCINCT MESSAGES • BRIEF

28. Informative Speech Provides the audience with new information, insight, ways of thinking about a topic Persuasive Intended to influence the attitudes, beliefs, values, or acts of others Types Speeches

29. Ceremonial Speeches • Introduction- speech designed to pave the way for the main speaker 2-3min • Presentation- Speech that present an award, a prize or a gift to an individual or a group 3-5 min • Acceptance- a response to a presentation 1-2 min

30. Welcoming- speech that expresses pleasure for the presence of a person or an organization 2-3 min • Tribute- speech that praises someone’s accomplishments 4-6 min • Roasts & Toasts • Eulogies Speeches of Inspiration • Commencement address- a speech presented by a major political, business, or a social figure, or a prominent alumnus, during graduation ceremonies

31. Keynote address- a speech presented near the beginning of an organization’s conference or convention that is designed to inspire participants in their work • Commemorative address- speeches that are presented to celebrate national holidays or anniversaries of important dates and events

32. Special Occasion Speech Assignment • Choose any type of special occasion speech that you would like to present • Time 2-3 minutes • Outline: Required • Notes: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card • Visuals: 1 required

33. Speaking with Confidence

34. FEAR • HUMILIATION • NOT BEING PREPARED • ONE’S LOOKS • PRESSURE TO PERFORM • PERSONAL INSECURITY • AUDIENCE’S INTEREST • LACK OF EXPERIENCE • MAKING MISTAKES • FAILURE

35. Nervous- a state of fear or anxiety about public speaking interaction • Cognitive nervousness- thinking about how nervous you are likely to be • Behavioral nervousness- physically displaying characteristics of nervousness

36. YOU ARE GOING TO FEEL MORE NERVOUS THAN YOU LOOK • ALMOST EVERY SPEAKER EXPERIENCE SOME DEGREE OF NERVOUSNESS • ANXIETY CAN BE USEFUL

37. BUILD YOUR CONFIDENCE • DO NOT PROCRASTINATE • KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE • APPROPRIATE TOPIC • BE PREPARED • BE WELL ORGANIZED • KNOW YOUR INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION • RE-CREATE THE ENVIRONMENT

38. USE DEEP BREATHING TECNIQUES • CHANNEL YOUR NERVOUS ENERGY • VISULAIZE SUCCESS • GIVE YOURSELF A MENTAL PEP TALK • FOCUS ON YOUR MESSAGE RATHER THAN YOUR FEAR • LOOK FOR A POSITIVE LISTENER • SEEK SPEAKING OPPORTUNITIES • AFTER THE SPEECH FOCUS ON YOUR ACCOMPLISHMENT

39. YOUR FIRST SPEECH • Speech goal- what you want your listeners to know, believe, or do • General goal- the type of speech you are intending to give- informing, or persuading

40. Specific goal- a complete sentence that specifies the exact response the speaker wants from the audience • Speech material- the factual, humorous, exciting, or interesting information that you have gathered to present in your speech

41. Chronological organization- following an order that moves from first to last • Topical organization- following the order of headings • Adaptation- relating a speech to the audience interests and needs • Visual Aids- they help clarify, emphasize, or dramatize the verbal information

42. Language- ideas communicated through verbal and nonverbal means • Delivery- how you effectively use your voice and gestures while giving a speech

43. Effective speech plan • Determine a goal • Gather information • Organize information • Develop a strategy • Create visual aids • Practice wording • Practice delivery

44. FIRST SPEECH ASSIGNMENT • Introduction Speech • Time Limit: 2-3 min • Notes Allowed: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card • Outline: None • Visual Aids: Optional • Sources: Yourself • Express yourself! Who are you? What are your likes and dislikes? You have two minutes to introduce yourself to the class. What are the important details of your life that you would like to share?