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Onset of J/ y Melting in Quark-Gluon Fluid at RHIC

International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, 2007/6/5. 1. Onset of J/ y Melting in Quark-Gluon Fluid at RHIC. Taku Gunji Center for Nuclear Study University of Tokyo. Paper: hep-ph/0703061 Collaboration with: Hideki Hamagaki (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo),

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Onset of J/ y Melting in Quark-Gluon Fluid at RHIC

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  1. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, 2007/6/5 1 Onset of J/y Melting in Quark-Gluon Fluid at RHIC Taku Gunji Center for Nuclear Study University of Tokyo Paper: hep-ph/0703061 Collaboration with: Hideki Hamagaki (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo), Tetsuo Hatsuda, Tetsufumi Hirano (Phys. Dept. Univ. of Tokyo)

  2. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 2 Outline • Physics Motivation • J/y suppression at RHIC • Hydro+J/y model • Results • Summary and Outlook

  3. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 3 Physics Motivation • Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) • New state of QCD matter expected to be created at high temperature (Tc = 160-190MeV). • Quarkonia suppression in QGP • Color Debye Screening • T.Matsui & H. Satz PLB178 416 (1986) • Suppression depends on temperature (density) and radius of QQbar system. • TJ/y : 1.6Tc~2.0Tc • Tc, Ty’ : ~ 1.1Tc • Serve as the thermometer in QGP. M.Asakawa and T.Hatsuda, PRL. 92, 012001 (2004) A. Jakovac et al. PRD 75, 014506 (2007) G.Aarts et al. arXiv:0705.2198 [hep-lat]. (Full QCD)

  4. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 4 R.Rapp et al, EPJC43 (2005) 91 N. Xu et al, nucl-th/0608010 total total recombination dissociation dissociation recombination J/y Suppression at RHIC A. Adare et al. (PHENIX) nucl-ex/0611020 M. J. Leitch nucl-ex/0701021 T. Gunji (PHENIX) nucl-ex/0703004 • Two proposed scenarios: • Gluon dissociation + recombination • Dissociation by thermal gluons supplemented by the regeneration of J/y from ccbar coalescence • R. Rapp et al. [EPJC34, 91 (2005)], L. Yan et al. [PRL97,232301 (2006)], R. Thews [NPA783 301(2007)], A.Andronic et al.[nucl-th/0701079], etc

  5. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 5 SPS overall syst ~17% M. J. Leitch QM2006 0 = 1 fm/c used here PHENIX overall syst~12%& ~7% J/y Suppression at RHIC • Two proposed scenarios: • Sequential Melting of J/y • Absence of the feed down J/y from cc and y’ (30-40%) just above Tc and melt of direct produced J/y. • F. Karsch et al., PLB 637 (2006) 75 etc • J/y suppression at SPS • can be understood from the melting of y’and cc. • Stronger suppression in central Au+Au collisions compared to the feed down from cc and y’.

  6. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 6 Hydro+J/y model • First attempt for the study of sequential suppression of charmonia at RHIC. • Incorporate J/y, cc and y’ into the evolution of matter. • Evolution of matter : (3+1)-dimentional relativistic hydrodynamics • T. Hirano and Y. Nara, PRL 91, 082301, (2003) • T. Hirano and Y. Nara, PRC 69, 034908, (2003) • T. Hirano and K. Tsuda, PRC 66, 054905, (2002) • http://tkynt2.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hirano/parevo/parevo.html • J/y, cc and y’ : impurity traversing through the matter • This study is focused on mid-rapidity data since : • hydrodynamical description of various observables is best • established in mid-rapidity (dN/dy, v2, pT dist., hard probes).

  7. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 7 b (pT) f x0 J/y Modeling of J/y suppression • Survival Prob. In the medium: • Decay Width: • Motion of J/y: free streaming • Total Survival Prob. • Free Parameters: • (TJ/y, Tc, fFD ) • x0(Production point) is • distributed according to the • spatial Ncol distribution. • pTis distributed according to • the measured J/y distribution. • J/y azimuthal angle, F, • is flat (0 to 2p).

  8. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 8 Model results • Reproduce experimental SJ/ytot(=RAA/CNM). • Min. c2 at (TJ/y, Tc, fFD) = (2.02Tc, 1.22Tc, 30%) Onset of J/y suppression at Npart ~ 160. ( Highest T at Npart~160 reaches to 2.02Tc.) Gradual decrease of SJ/ytot above Npart~160 reflects that the transverse area with T>TJ/y increases. Bar: uncorrelated sys. Bracket: correlated sys.

  9. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 9 Sensitivity for TJ/y • TJ/y/Tc = 1.9, 1.96, 2.02, 2.08, 2.14 • Tc = 1.22Tc and fFD=30% Theoretical SJ/ytot is very sensitive to TJ/y. TJ/y =2.14Tc TJ/y =2.08Tc TJ/y = 2.02Tc TJ/y = 1.96Tc TJ/y = 1.90Tc

  10. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 10 c2 contour • c2 contour (TJ/y vs. Tc) at fFD = 30%. • Min. c2 = 0.86 at (TJ/y, Tc)=(2.02Tc, 1.22Tc) Tc/Tc TJ/ycan be determined in a narrow region around 2.02Tc. Tc is not well determined since it is correlated to fFD. 2s (Dc2=8.03) 1s (Dc2=3.53) Min. c2 (=0.86) TJ/y/Tc

  11. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 11 Summary • J/y suppression at mid-rapidity at RHIC was investigated using hydro+J/y model. • Dynamical and quantitative approach to the sequential charmonia suppression. • Comparison of the experimental survival probability shows: • Observed suppression is described well with TJ/y~2.02Tc. • TJ/y can be determined in a narrow region. • In accordance with the lattice QCD results.

  12. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 12 Outlook • On Going issues: • Prediction of J/y azimuthal anisotropy • More realistic treatment of Decay width • “Hot Wind” (Relative velocity dependence of TJ/y) • AdS/CFT Correspondence: • Complete thermalization of J/y (Free streaming) • Will be done: • Study the J/y suppression at forward-rapidity with hydro+J/y model. • Connection with gluon saturation (CGC). • Fine tuning of hydrodynamics at forward-rapidity is on going. • Application to Cu+Cu system. H. Liu, K. Rajagopal and U. A. Wiedemann : hep-ph/0607062.

  13. Back Up Slide Memo Forward Suppression Sudden suppression (v2, SAA vs. pT) Smearing of Decay width(SAA) Hot-wind (SAA,v2, SAA vs. pT) Complete thermalization(SAA, v2)

  14. International Nuclear Physics Conference 2007@Tokyo, Japan, T. Gunji 14 Temperature field • Normalized by Tc(=170 MeV) b=2.1 fm (Npart=351) b=8.5 fm (Npart=114)

  15. 15 (dN/dy)AuAu (dN/dy)pp x<Ncol> RAA = J/y Measurement at RHIC • RAA vs. Cold Nuclear Matter effects. RHIC CNM effects (sabs = 0, 1, 2mb at y=0, y=2) R. Vogt et al., nucl-th/0507027 d+Au data-driven prediction of CNM effects (not shown here): R. Granier de Cassagnic hep-ph/0701222

  16. 16 sabs dependence • Use sabs=0,2 mb • Min. c2 at: (TJ/y, Tc, fFD) =(2.00Tc, 1.02Tc, 35%) for sabs=0mb =(2.02Tc, 1.02Tc, 15%) for sabs=2mb TJ/y is insensitive to the nuclear absorption cross section.

  17. 17 pT dependence of SAA • Free Streaming • Survival Prob. Is almost flat as a function of pT Survival Prob. Vs. pT (J/y, c, total) RAA vs. pT by PHENIX 0-10% 10-20% 40-50% 20-30%

  18. 18 Prediction of J/y v2 v2. vs. pT (J/y, c, total) 0-10% 10-20% v2=3% c J/y 20-30% 40-50% Total (30% feed down) v2=3%

  19. 19 Smearing of Decay Width • Decay Width : • Gdecay= 0.5My[1+tanh(l(T/Tc-Tmelt/Tc))] Decay Width Survival Probability T/Tc

  20. 20 Hot Wind • Tmelt(v) = Tmelt(v=0)/sqrt(grel) H. Lui, K. Rajagopal, U. A. Wiedemann hep-ph/607062-v3 Solid : Free streaming Dashed : Hot wind • (TJ/y, Tc, fFD) in hot wind • =(2.08Tc, 1.36Tc, 35%)

  21. 21 SAA and v2 vs. pT in Hot Wind • Tmelt(v) = Tmelt(v=0)/sqrt(grel) Survival Prob. Vs. pT (J/y, c, total) v2. Vs. pT (J/y, c, total) 0-10% 10-20% 0-10% 10-20% v2=5% 20-30% 40-50% 20-30% 40-50% v2=5%

  22. 22 Complete Thermalization • T>Tc: J/y moves according to fluid velocity vector. • T~Tc: J/y freeze-out: • Re-arrange the J/y px, py and pz using Boltzman Eq (in local fluid coordinate). • Then boost J/y according to the fluid velocity vector.

  23. 23 pT and v2 of flowed J/y • J/y participating the flow v2 dN/dpT [A.U]

  24. 24 pT and v2 in complete thermalization • Only Directly produced J/y dN/dpT v2 flow, non-flow, flow+non-flow flow, non-flow,flow+non-flow 0-10% 10-20% 0-10% 10-20% 20-30% 40-50% 20-30% 40-50%

  25. 25 RAA 1 Bar: uncorrelated error Bracket : correlated error 0 Open charm yield in Au+Au @ 200 GeV 1 =0 ~60% =2 RAA (1.2<|y|<2.2)/RAA (|y|<0.35) 0 Forward rapidity • Stronger suppression at forward rapidity. • Gluon saturation (CGC)? • Leading to suppression of charm production K. L. Tuchin hep-ph/0402298 Suppression pattern due to CGC

  26. 26 Forward Rapidity • Experimental SJ/ytot (y=2) • CNM at y=0 & CGC suppression (y=2/y=0) • Model SJ/ytot (y=2) • Hydro at y=2 SJ/y(y=0)=RAA/CNM(y=0,sabs=1mb) SJ/y(y=2)=RAA/R(CGC)/CNM(y=0,sabs=1mb) • Need larger feed-down • fraction at y=2. • Onset of suppression • at Npart ~ 240? • 2.02Tc is achieved • at Npart~240 at y=2? • Further analysis is on going. (TJ/y,Tc) = (2.02Tc,1.22Tc) FD = 30% (y=0), FD= (35-50)% (y=2)

  27. 27 Melting temperature • Spectral analysis in quenched lattice. Asakawa & Hatsuda, hep-lat/0308034 Datta, Karsch, Petreczky & Wetzorke, hep-lat/0312037 cc J/y hc J/y Tc~270 MeV T. Hatsuda QM2006 (hep-ph/0702293) J/y may survive up to ~2Tc. cc and y’ would melt at ~1Tc.

  28. 28 Melting temperature • Spectral analysis in full lattice (Nf=2). T. Hatsuda QM2006 (hep-ph/0702293) Aarts et al., hep-lat/0610065 hc J/y Tc~170 MeV Even with the light quarks, J/y may survive up to ~2Tc.

  29. 29 (dN/dy)AuAu (dN/dy)pp x<Ncol> Suppression by: x4 (y~0) x5 (y~2) RAA = J/y suppression at RHIC • PHENIX experiment • |y|<0.35 (ee) & 1.2<|y|<2.2 (mm) RAA 1 Au+Au PHENIX Final (nucl-th/0611020) Cu+Cu PHENIX Preliminary 0 T. Gunji (PHENIX), QM06, nucl-ex/0703004

  30. 30 Low x2 ~ 0.003 (shadowing region) 0 mb RdAu 3 mb Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) effects • Nuclear absorption + Gluon shadowing (anti-shadowing) • Studied in d+Au collisions. • Consistent with the shadowing picture. • Weak absorption cross section: • sabs=0-3mb • R.Vogt, PRC71 054902 (2005) • CGC also describes CNM effects. • D. Kharzeev et al., NPA770 (2006) 40

  31. 31 pT [GeV] Hydro data are open to public: http://tkynt2.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hirano/parevo/parevo.html Hydro. calculation • (3+1) dimensional hydro. (t,x,y,hs) • r, T, v(vx,vy) at (t,x,y,hs) • t0 = 0.6 fm/c, Tc=170 MeV • Massless parton gas (u,d,s,g) • Tuned to reproduce dN/dh h T.Hirano and Y.Nara, PRL91,082301(2003); T.Hirano and Y. Nara PRC69,034908(2004); T.Hirano and K.Tsuda, PRC66,054905(2002).

  32. 32 pT [GeV] Hydro+Jet model • Hydro+“hard probe” works. • Identified hadron spectrum • Back-to-back correlation • Pseudo-y dependence of RAA T. Hirano and Y. Nara PRC69 034908 (2004) T. Hirano and Y. Nara PRL91 082301 (2003) T. Hirano and Y. Nara PRC68 064902 (2003)

  33. 33 TJ/y comparison • This study shows TJ/y~2.02Tc. • Estimation of TJ/y in 3-falvor QCD from quenched lattice QCD. = 1.7 = 270/170 Asakawa & Hatsuda, hep-lat/0308034 This coincides with the result obtained in this study.

  34. 34 cc feed-down fraction Feed down fraction • Feed down fraction • ~40% of J/y from cc and y’

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