Stellar molecular jets trace by maser emission Hiroshi Imai (Kagoshima University)

1. Stellar molecular jets trace by maser emissionHiroshi Imai (Kagoshima University) IAU Symposium 242: 14 March 2007, Alice Springs, Australia

2. Stellar molecular jets trace by maser emissionHiroshi Imai (Kagoshima University) Combination of collaborations with • Philip Diamond, Wouter Vlemmings (Jodrell Bank Obs., UK) • Mark Morris (UCLA, USA) • Raghvendra Sahai (JPL/NASA, USA) • Shuji Deguchi (Nobeyama Radio Obs., Japan) • Jun-ichi Nakashima (ASIAA, Taiwan) • Sun Kwok (Univ. Hong Kong, China) • Kumiko Obara, Toshihiro Omodaka (Kagoshima Univ., Japan) • Tetsuo Sasao (NAOJ, Japan) IAU Symposium 242: 14 March 2007, Alice Springs, Australia

3. Betelgeuse ⓒ NASA Transition from spherically symmetric to asymmetric mass loss flow Egg Nebula ⓒ NASA When/how is a bipolar jet launched in the final stellar evolution? Hen2-90 (Sahai et al. 1998)

4. “Water fountains” in AGB/post-AGB phases W43A • Molecular rather than optical emission jets • Expansion velocity Vexp (H2O) >> Vexp (OH1612MHz) (~30 km/s) • Evolved stars difficulty in evolved star identification c.f identification with SPITZER/AKARI • 1612 MHz OH maser with periodic flux variation • Detection of SiO masers IRAS 19134+2131 IRAS 16342-3814 High velocity stellar H2O maser sources (Likkel et al. 1992)

5. 10 water fountains identified to date • W43A (Diamond et al. 1985; Imai et al. 2002, 2005; Vlemmings et al. 2006) • IRAS 19134+2131(Imai et al. 2004; 2007 in prep.) • IRAS 16342-3814 (Sahai et al. 1999; Morris et al. 2003; Claussen et al. 2004) • OH 12.8-0.9(Boboltz & Marvel 2005) • IRAS18286-0959 (Deguchi et al. 2007; Imai et al. in prep.) • IRAS18460-0151 (Deguchi et al. 2007; Imai et al. in prep.) • IRAS18596+0315 (Deacon et al. 2007) • IRAS15445-5449 (Deacon et al. 2007) • IRAS15544-5332 (Deacon et al. 2007) • IRAS18043-2116 (Deacon et al. 2007) Chapman’s talk

6. Recent topics of water fountains MHD jets! (Vlemmings’ talk) Lifetime and timing Equatorial flow? Ballistic corkscrew jets? Location and motion in the Galaxy Precursors of water fountain (e.g. WX Psc, IRC-10414)

7. Lifetime and timing

8. Dynamical age estimation H2O maser proper motions in W43A (Imai et al. 2002; Imai et al. 2005; Imai & Diamond in Prep.) Jet velocity =145 km/s, dynamical age ~50 yr

9. Dynamical ages (now) -23 - -10 km s-1-121- -117 km s-1 ~Human lifetime • IRAS16342-3814: ~100 yr(Morris et al. 2004) • OH12.8-0.9: ~70 yr(Boboltz & Marvel 2005) • IRAS18286-0959: ~15 yr(Imai et al. in prep.) • W43A: ~50 yr(Imai & Diamond in prep.) • IRAS18460-0151: ~5 yr(Imai et al. in prep.) • IRAS19134+2131: ~50 yr(Imai et al. in prep.) IRAS 19134+2131 (Imai et al. in prep.)

10. 1612 MHz OH masers Imai et al. (2002)

11. 1612 MHz OH masers • OH maser shell (R~500 AU, Vexp=9km/s) • Periodic OH maser variation (P~360d, Herman & Habing 1985) 1612 MHz OH masers (Imai & Diamond in prep.)

12. How visible is W43A? 2.7 mm continuum Image (Imai et al.) SPITZER/GLIMPSE Image (Deguchi et al. 2007) • SiO masers (Nakashima & Deguchi 2002; Imai et al. 2005) • Dust envelope in 2.7 mm emission: R< 3000 AU • Envelope dynamical age T~ 260 years (OH), 1600 years (dust) + H2O & OH masers 20000 AU at 2.6 kpc

13. Transition to pre-planetary nebula (PPN) phase Visible in mid-IR Visible in visual light W43A (Deguchi et al. 2007) IRAS 19134+2131 (by R. Sahai) c.f. OH12.8-0.9, IRAS18286-0959, IRAS18460-0151 c.f. IRAS 16342-3814 (Sahai et al. 2001)

14. Quenching water fountainwithin < 1000 years Photodissociation destroying H2O molecules Tip of jet achieves to the outer low-density region of a circumstellar envelope 5000 AU Gomez’s talk

15. Equatorial flows W43A IRAS 18286-0959 IRAS 18460-0151

16. SiO/H2O maser locations Wide opening angle biconical SiO maser flow (~15 km/s) | within 10 AU | H2O maser jet (Imai et al. 2005) (Imai et al. in prep.) Where is a disk?

17. Proper motion in the equatorial flow • Flow velocity ~30 km/s W43A (Imai & Diamond in prep)

18. IRAS 18460-0151(Deguchi et al. 2007) Fastest (~350 km s-1) and youngest (t~5 yr) water fountain! Equatorial flow (Vexp~30 km s-1)?

19. IRAS 18286-0959(Deguchi et al. 2007)

20. Ballistic corkscrew jets IRAS 16342-3814 W43A IRAS 19134+2131

21. W43A in detail: Jet precession • Precession period ~55 years • Precession angle amplitude ~5° Imai et al. 2005

22. Corkscrew jet?Bow shock front? Proper motions with a systemic velocity vector subtracted W43A (Imai & Diamond in prep)

23. Corkscrew jet?Bow shock front? (VLA) (VLBA) (VLBA) 500 AU at 8 kpc Imai et al. (2004) Imai et al. (2007) IRAS19134+2131

24. Corkscrew jet! IRAS16342-3814 (Sahai et al. 2005) Lp image with Keck What happens in the H2O maser proper motions? Lp (red), Kp(green), HST (blue) image

25. Location and motion in the Milky Way Galaxy IRAS19134+2131

26. Maser motion with respect toa position-reference QSO- Exploring the roots of water fountain - Galactic rotation H2O masers in IRAS 19134+2131 (Imai et al. 2007)

27. Annual parallax and Galactic rotation

28. ⒸKagaya Location and motion in the Galaxy • Annual parallax distance = 8.0+0.9-0.7 kpc • Location: (R, θ, z)=(7.4+0.4-0.3 kpc, 62±5 deg, 650+70-60 pc) • 3D velocity (VR, Vθ, Vz) =(3+53-46, 125+20-28, 8+48-39 )[km/s]

29. Location and velocity in the Galaxy • Travel time from • the Galactic plane • 1.1-7.7 x 107 years • M*< 5-5.8 M◉ • Progenitors of bipolar PNe may be higher mass stars located near the Galactic plane (Manchado 2004). • Single intermediate-mass evolved star can create both a collimated jet and an equatorial flow (not accretion disk). (Blackman et al. 2001; S. Miyaji in private communication)

30. Summary Magneto-hydrodynamical Corkscrew/precessing jet V> 100 km s-1, T~100 years M*< 5 Msun single AGB/post-AGB star (or binary <10 AU?) Equatorial flow V~ 30 km s-1 Evolving from AGB envelope? Only 10 water fountains in the whole Galaxy? ⒸNSF