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Going Bananas? Jessica Hendrix Culture, Food, and Agriculture April 30, 2010

Going Bananas? Jessica Hendrix Culture, Food, and Agriculture April 30, 2010. So, What Should I Do with this Banana?. Feed Livestock Plates Wrappers Umbrellas Thatching Packing Cigarette wrapping Raft Cushioning Fishing line Medicinal. Broiled in sugar Jam

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Going Bananas? Jessica Hendrix Culture, Food, and Agriculture April 30, 2010

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  1. Going Bananas?Jessica HendrixCulture, Food, and AgricultureApril 30, 2010

  2. So, What Should I Do with this Banana?

  3. Feed Livestock • Plates • Wrappers • Umbrellas • Thatching • Packing • Cigarette wrapping • Raft • Cushioning • Fishing line • Medicinal • Broiled in sugar • Jam • Baked • Mashed for babies • Dehydrated • Preserved for famine

  4. Bananas • Musaceae • Musa • Large herb producing berries • Over 200 varieties • Wild variety • Three banana belts

  5. How to Grow a Banana • Well-drained acidic soils • Weed control • Wind protection • Irrigation • Protection

  6. A Worldwide Favorite • Staple food for Africa and Central America • Originated in Indo-Malaysian to North Australia region • Portuguese transported to South America in 1500s • 1804 bananas reach New York City from Cuba

  7. Start of a World Industry • Began as a shipping enterprise • Realized the benefits of consolidation • Struggle to keep up with growing demand

  8. Great Marketing • Radio commercials • Cook books • Doctors support • Catchy songs • “Yes, We Have No Bananas!” • “Brazilian Bombshell” Carmen Miranda • Chiquita logo

  9. Dollar Bananas • Trade with the US • Regulated by free market trade and oligopoly • Dominant system • Originally United Fruit Company • Control 80 percent of the market • Vertically integrated

  10. ACP Bananas • Trade between Africa, Caribbean, Pacific with Europe • Regulated by preferential market agreements between countries • Separate shipping and production companies • Small plantations

  11. Banana Republics • Banana industry closely linked with American imperialism • El Pulpo • United controlled countries domestic policies • Countries became, and still are, highly dependent upon banana trade • Columbia and Ecuador have managed to break away

  12. Banana Wars • 1993 EU set regulations for preferential treatment to former colonies • Chiquita protested • World Trade Organization got involved • 1999 WTO ruled in favor of Chiquita • Further modifications in 2001 that are still being debated

  13. Destructive Diseases • Panama Disease • Fungus • Extremely bad news • ‘Gros Michel’ cultivar • ‘Cavendish’ cultivar • Black Sigatoka • Bunchy Top

  14. Banana Workers • Initially native workers in control • Then the overseers and technology took over • Now victims of the “race to the bottom” • Plantations only receive 11 cents per dollar spent

  15. More work • No rights • Long hours • Little protection • No unions allowed • Solidarismo promoted • Poor living conditions • ACP different • Family labor

  16. Gender Roles • Women • Packing • Cutting • Applying fungicides Men • Chemical application • Prune • Wrap • Harvest • Load Men are often paid 3 to 4 times more than women for the same job Sexual harassment is a problem Child labor is also common

  17. Environmental Impacts • Deforestation • Waste disposal • Water pollution • Coral reef destruction • Loss of biodiversity • Severe erosion • Flooding

  18. Some is good, more is better! • More pesticides used on bananas than any other crop, except for cotton • Pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematocides • Aerial spraying • High rates of pesticide poisonings

  19. A Sustainable Future? • NGOs • Better Banana Project Certification • Organic • Fair Trade • Intercropping

  20. Yes, We Will Have No Bananas! No genetic diversity + Panama disease + Limited research occurring = NO Bananas!

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