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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. CH 2 OH. O. H. H. H. OH. H. OH. HO. H. OH. Carbohydrates:. Energy molecules. Why have so many people turned to low-carb diets if carbs our are main source of energy?. CH 2 OH. O. H. H. H. OH. H. OH. HO. H. OH. Energy molecules. Carbohydrates:.

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Carbohydrates

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  1. Carbohydrates

  2. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH Carbohydrates: Energy molecules Why have so many people turned to low-carb diets if carbs our are main source of energy?

  3. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH Energy molecules Carbohydrates: • Function: Primary source of energy • Monomer: Simple sugars (monosaccharides & disaccharides) • Polymer: Starches (polysaccharides)

  4. sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Carbohydrates • Building block molecules = • Carbohydrates only contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenin a 1:2:1 (C:H:O) sugars sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar

  5. Carbohydrates • Example • sugars • starches • cellulose (cell wall) • Function: • quick energy • energy storage • structure glucoseC6H12O6 starch

  6. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH glucose sucrose fructose C6H12O6 Sugars = building blocks -ose • Names for sugars usually end in • glucose • fructose • sucrose • maltose

  7. Building carbohydrates • Synthesis 2 sugars = disaccharide monosaccharides | glucose | glucose | maltose

  8. Building carbohydrates • Synthesis 2 sugars = disaccharide monosaccharides | sucrose (table sugar) | glucose | fructose

  9. BIG carbohydrates • Starch • energy storage in plants • potatoes • Glycogen • energy storage in animals • in liver & muscles • Cellulose • structure in plants • cell walls • Chitin • structure in arthropods & fungi • exoskeleton

  10. Building BIG carbohydrates polysaccharide glucose + glucose + glucose… = starch (plant) energystorage glycogen (animal)

  11. enzyme enzyme Digesting starch vs. cellulose starcheasy todigest cellulosehard todigest

  12. Cellulose • Cell walls in plants • herbivores can digest cellulose • most carnivores cannot digest cellulose • that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients • cellulose = roughage

  13. Cow can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

  14. Helpful bacteria • How can cows digest cellulose? • bacteria live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals

  15. QUIZ (Do not go to next slide until finished with this quiz.) • What is the monomer of carbohydrates ? • What is the polymer of carbohydrates ? • What is the main function of carbohydrates ? • What is the ratio of C:H:O in carbohydrates ? • How do we store carbohydrates? • If you need a quick energy burst, should you eat an item higher in sugar or starch? • What is cellulose? • Why are cows able to digest cellulose ?

  16. CHECK YOUR ANSWERS • Monosaccharides (simple sugars) • Polysaccharides (starch) • They are our main source of energy. • 1:2:1 • As glycogen • sugar • Plant starch • They have bacteria in their digestive system that breaks it down.

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