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The history of computers and computing: Part II

The history of computers and computing: Part II. The computers of the 20 th century and the people behind those machines. Konrad Zuse. Developed a series of mechanical calculating machines (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4). He was the first person to construct a calculator that could run automatically.

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The history of computers and computing: Part II

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  1. The history of computers and computing: Part II The computers of the 20th century and the people behind those machines.

  2. Konrad Zuse • Developed a series of mechanical calculating machines (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4). • He was the first person to construct a calculator that could run automatically

  3. The Bell Complex Number Calculator • The Bell Computer could add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers • Employed simple switches and flash bulbs

  4. The Bell Complex Number Calculator (continued) • It was the first machine to: • handle multiple terminals • be operated remotely Photos courtesy of Bell Technologies Inc.

  5. The Bell Complex Number Calculator (continued) • The computer used it’s own form of binary, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD).

  6. The Harvard Mark I • Manufactured by IBM and was donated to Harvard University. • Extremely accurate • Used by the U.S. navy (bureau of ordinance) • Frequently used as a design model in subsequent machines.

  7. John Atanasoff, Clifford Berry, and the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) • Atanasoff needed a computer to perform specialized calculations • He got his inspiration for the ABC in a bar. A photo of Clifford Berry and the ABC, courtesy of Dr. Atanasoff

  8. The ENIAC • Developed for the U.S. army at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering (University of Pennsylvania) Picture from the History of Computing Technology by Michael R. Williams

  9. The ENIAC (continued) • Used vacuum tubes to store information • It was huge, complex and extremely expensive All this could store one digit!

  10. Alan Turing • A British Mathematician • He worked at Bletchley Park as a code-breaker (contributed to the design of the machinery as well as applying his Mathematical knowledge) • An Enigma encoding machine Pictures from the History of Computing Technology by Michael R. Williams

  11. The EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) • The first reliable computer to actually incorporate memory • (The first computer design conceived that incorporated memory was the EDVAC/Electronic Discrete Variable Arithmetic Computer but it was completed after the EDSAC). Picture from the History of Computing Technology by Michael R. Williams

  12. EDSAC (continued) • First demonstrated in 1949 (ran at 500,000 Hz / 0.5 MHz)! • A spin-off of the EDSAC (called LEO / Lyons Electric Office) was the first computer to be used for commercial data processing.

  13. The Stretch • One of the first super computers The whole “Stretch” Control panel for the Stretch Pictures from the History of Computing Technology by Michael R. Williams

  14. Summary • Some of the more ground breaking computer systems and personalities of the 20th century. • Konrad Zuse and the “Z” series of computers. • The Bell Complex Number Calculator • The Harvard Mark I • Atanasoff, Berry and the ABC • The ENIAC • Alan Turing • The EDSAC • The Stretch

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